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9 Electron Configurations
2s 2p 2p 2p
angular momentum (l = 0)
2s 1
Energy
2s 2p 2p 2p
1s
Electron Configurations
2p 2p 2p
1s 2
Energy
2s
Quantum number
Principal (n) 1 1
1s describes the 1s orbital Angular moment (l) 0 0
Magnetic (ml) 0 0
describes the electrons in the 1s orbital Electron spin (ms) +
Electron Configurations
The Aufbau principle states that electrons are added to the lowest
energy orbitals first before moving to higher energy orbitals.
2p 2p 2p 1s22s1
Energy
The Aufbau principle states that electrons are added to the lowest
energy orbitals first before moving to higher energy orbitals.
2p 2p 2p 1s22s2
Energy
2s
1s
Electron Configurations
The Aufbau principle states that electrons are added to the lowest
energy orbitals first before moving to higher energy orbitals.
2p 2p 2p
1s 2s 2p
2 2 1
Energy
2s
1s
Electron Configurations
1s22s22p2
2p 2p 2p
Energy
1s22s22p3
2p 2p 2p
Energy
1s22s22p4
2p 2p 2p
Energy
2s
Once all the 2p orbitals are singly occupied, additional
electrons will have to pair with those already in the
1s orbitals.
Electron Configurations
1s22s22p5
2p 2p 2p
Energy
2s
When there are one or more unpaired electrons, as
1s in the case of oxygen and fluorine, the atom is
called paramagnetic.
Electron Configurations
1s22s22p6
2p 2p 2p
Energy
2s
When all of the electrons in an atom are paired, as
1s in neon, it is called diamagnetic.
Electron Configurations
Write the electron configuration and give the orbital diagram of a calcium (Ca)
atom (Z = 20).
Setup Because Z = 20, Ca has 20 electrons. They will
fill in according to the diagram at right. Each s subshell
can contain a maximum of two electrons, whereas each p
subshell can contain a maximum of six electrons.
Solution
Ca 1s22s22p63s23p64s2
Think About It Look at the figure again to make sure you have filled the
orbitals in the right order and that the sum of electrons is 20. Remember
that the 4s orbital fills before the 3d orbitals.
3.10 Electron Configurations and the Periodic Table
1s22s22p63s23p64s1
[Ar] [Ar]4s1
Electron Configurations and the Periodic Table
Cr [Ar]
4s 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d
Cu [Ar]
4s 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d
Write the electron configuration for an arsenic atom (Z = 33) in the ground state.
Solution
As [Ar]4s23d104p3