LTE

FUNDAMENTALS
Introduction
Why learn about LTE
Fundamentals
30 minutes !
LTE/EPC Architecture
LTE Rel 8-10
LTE Rel 11

LTE Fundamentals Tutorial | Commercial in confidence | 2014-03-24

Scope and Objectives
Objectives
Give an overview of LTE/EPC architecture &
teminology
Explain the basics of the LTE radio interface
Give an overview of the evolution of LTE
Scope

Key LTE radio access features

LTE in the future
How to learn more

LTE Fundamentals Tutorial | Commercial in confidence | 2014-03-24

Agenda
LTE Fundamentals
LTE/EPC Architecture & Terminology
Radio interface
LTE in the future
Summary
How to learn more

LTE Fundamentals Tutorial | Commercial in confidence | 2014-03-24

LTE/EPC Architecture
and Terminology
LTE/EPC Architecture and
Terminology

MME EPC GW EPC - Evolved Packet Core

SAE - System Architecture Evolution

eNB
eUTRAN
eNB
eUTRAN - Evolved UTRAN
LTE - Long Term Evolution

EPS Evolved Packet System

EPS

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LTE/EPC Architecture
Interfaces
EPC

S1 S1 S1

X2 X2

eNodeB eNodeB eNodeB

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Radio Interface
Key LTE Radio Access
Features
LTE radio access
OFDMA
Downlink: OFDM
Uplink: SC-FDMA SC-FDMA

Advanced antenna solutions

Diversity
Beam-forming TX TX

Multi-layer transmission (MIMO)

Spectrum flexibility
Flexible bandwidth
New and existing bands 1.4 MHz 20 MHz
Duplex flexibility: FDD and TDD

LTE Fundamentals Tutorial | Commercial in confidence | 2014-03-24

LTE Radio Access Downlink
OFDM - Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

Large number of 15 kHz sub carriers

Orthogonal: Other carriers zero at sampling point

f = 15 kHz

LTE Fundamentals Tutorial | Commercial in confidence | 2014-03-24

LTE Radio Access Uplink
SC-FDMA Single Carrier FDMA (DFTS-OFDM)

Pre-coded OFDM
Similar to OFDM
15 kHz tones BUT consecutive
Same time-domain structure
Low Peak-to-Average Power Ratio

LTE Fundamentals Tutorial | Commercial in confidence | 2014-03-24

LTE DL Physical Resources

One Scheduling Block

(2 Resource Blocks)
180 kHz and 1 ms
On
es
ub
fr a
me
14
OF
D M
sy
mb
ols

LTE Fundamentals Tutorial | Commercial in confidence | 2014-03-24

Scheduling
Round-robin Max C/I Proportional fair

Time domain
Round-robin
Max C/I
Proportional fair

Frequency domain
Consecutive
Random
Measurement based

LTE Fundamentals Tutorial | Commercial in confidence | 2014-03-24

Link Adaptation
Modulation scheme
QPSK 16QAM 64QAM

Time Domain (/user) OFDM

symbol 2bits 4bits 6bits
Modulation scheme
Channel coding
Channel coding

Data Control Data Control

Frequency Domain (/SB)

Not that common

LTE Fundamentals Tutorial | Commercial in confidence | 2014-03-24

LTE - FDD

f DL

f UL SC-FDMA User 1
User 2
User 3

tim
e

frequency

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LTE - TDD

L
,D
f UL

Subframe 1ms = 14
OFDM symbols long

GP

Special subframe

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Multi-Antenna Transmission
Examples

Radio channel

MISO (Multiple In Single Out)

eNodeB Beamforming Terminal
device
Transmit diversity

Radio channel

SIMO (Single In Multiple Out)

eNodeB Terminal
Receive diversity
device

Radio channel

MIMO (Multiple In Multiple Out)

eNodeB All above + Terminal
Spatial multiplexing (MIMO) device

LTE Fundamentals Tutorial | Commercial in confidence | 2014-03-24

Multi-Antenna
Transmission
LTE implementation

One, two, or four antenna ports

Multiple time-frequency grids
Reference signals for identification

Frequency

Time

LTE Fundamentals Tutorial | Commercial in confidence | 2014-03-24

Spectrum Flexibility
New and existing bands
FDD and TDD
Flexible bandwidth

1.4 MHz: 6 Scheduling Blocks

20 MHz: 100 Scheduling Blocks

LTE Fundamentals Tutorial | Commercial in confidence | 2014-03-24

LTE DL Peak Rate
20 MHz and 4x4 MIMO AND 64 QAM
14 OFDM symbols per 1.0 ms subframe
64QAM = 6 bits per symbol
6 x 14 = 84 bits per 1.0 ms subframe

84bits/1.0ms = 84kbps per subcarrier

12 x 84kbps = 1.008Mbps per Scheduling Block
100 Scheduling Blocks in 20MHz
100 x 1.008Mbps = 100.8Mbps per antenna

4 x 4 MIMO: 403.2Mbps ! and UL

no MIMO
BUT in reality approx. 300Mbps 75Mbps

LTE Fundamentals Tutorial | Commercial in confidence | 2014-03-24

LTE UE States
Power-up

3 UE states (5 in WCDMA)
DETACHED
Detached
Connected
Idle Register
De-register

CONNECTED

Inactive Traffic

IDLE

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Idle Mode Mobility
Area Concept TA list 1
-TA1
-TA2
1 area (3 in WCDMA) -TA3

Tracking area, TA MME

TA2

TA1

TA4
TA3

LTE Fundamentals Tutorial | Commercial in confidence | 2014-03-24

Idle Mode Mobility
Area Concept TA list 1 TA list 2
-TA1 -TA2
-TA2 -TA3
1 area (3 in WCDMA) -TA3 -TA4

Tracking area, TA MME

TA2

TA Update
TA1 TA Update
confirm

TA4
TA3

LTE Fundamentals Tutorial | Commercial in confidence | 2014-03-24

 Connected State Mobility
MME S-GW

Data Forwarding

eNode B eNode B

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LTE in the future
LTE in the Future
Evolution!
LTE Advanced study in 3GPP
Start March 2008
Release 10 (2011)

LTE Advanced => LTE 3GPP Rel 10

Major enhancements
Higher peak rates
Relaying solutions

LTE Fundamentals Tutorial | Commercial in confidence | 2014-03-24

LTE 3GPP Rel 10
Higher peak rates 20 MHz

Carrier aggregation
100 MHz total bandwidth

20 MHz 20 MHz

Spectrum aggregation 40 MHz total bandwidth

4
DL/UL Multi-Antenna transmission

Peak rates: 3Gbps/1.5Gbps !

LTE Fundamentals Tutorial | Commercial in confidence | 2014-03-24
LTE 3GPP Rel 10
Heterogeneous Networks and Relaying solutions

Macro
cell

Relay

Repeater
Small
cell

LTE Fundamentals Tutorial | Commercial in confidence | 2014-03-24

LTE 3GPP Rel 11
Further Enhancements

Enhancements for
Carrier Aggregation Enhancements
(New band comb., inter-band TDD w. diff. UL-DL) Heterogeneous Deployments
(Larger range expansion for co-channel)

CoMP
(Co-ordinated Multipoint Transmission)
ePDCCH FDM with data

Downlink Control Channel Enhancements

(To enable CoMP and control channel ICIC)

Improved UE requirements
(IRC receivers)

LTE Fundamentals Tutorial | Commercial in confidence | 2014-03-24

Summary
LTE Fundamentals
OFDMA
LTE radio access SC-FDMA

TX TX
Advanced antenna solutions

1.4 MHz 20 MHz

Spectrum flexibility

LTE in 3GPP Release 10, 11

LTE Fundamentals Tutorial | Commercial in confidence | 2014-03-24

How to learn more
How To Learn More

LTE in Product catalog

Training courses
LTE/EPC Competence Space
LTE/EPC Business Tutorials
MWC2014 in PCAT

LTE Fundamentals Tutorial | Commercial in confidence | 2014-03-24

LTE in Product Catalog

Link to LTE page

LTE Fundamentals Tutorial | Commercial in confidence | 2014-03-24
 LTE Training
Instructor lead training Available now
LTE Evolution, Advantages in Features and Applications, LZU1087714-R1A, (2 day)
LTE/SAE System Overview, LZU1087020-R9A, (2 days)
LTE 14 Air Interface, LZU1089186-R1A (3 days)
LTE L14 Protocols and Procedures, LZU1089187-R1A, (3 days)
LTE L14 Functionality, LZU1089188-R1A, (4 days)
LTE L14 Radio Network Design, LZU1089189-R1A, (2 days)
LTE L14 eNode B Commissioning, LZU1089190-R1A, (1 day)
LTE L14 Operation, LZU1089191-R1A, (2 days)
LTE L14 Configuration, LZU1089192-R1A, (3 days)
LTE Access Transport Network Dimensioning, LZU1087712-R1A, (1 day)
KPIs in the LTE/SAE Network, LZU1087713-R1A (2 days)
LTE L14 Troubleshooting, LZU1089193-R1A, (3 days)
LTE L14 Performance Management, LZU1089194-R1A, (3 days)
LTE L14 Initial Tuning, LZU1089195-R1A, (2 days)
LTE L14 Optimization, LZU1089196R1A, (2 days)

WEB based training

LTE/SAE in a Nutshell, LZU1087417-R1A, 1 hour
LTE/SAE System Overview, LZU1087318-R1A, 3 hours

All courses found at this link

LTE/EPC Competence Space

LTE/EPC Business Tutorials
MWC2010 in PCAT

LTE Fundamentals Tutorial | Commercial in confidence | 2014-03-24