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Gelification
Hydrolysis and Condesation
reactions take place Aging
Sol
Soaking
Gelification
Aging Drying
Gel
Gel Aerogel
Gelification
OR OR
OR OR OR OR
OR Si + HO Si
OR
Si
O
Si
OR
+ ROH
Hydrolysis and Condesation OR OR
OR OR OR OR
reactions take place
OR OR
OR OR
Sol
Si OH + HO Si
OR
Si
O
Si
OR
+ H2O
OR OR
OR OR OR OR
Gelification
Gel Aging
Gel
Polycondensation
OH OH
HO Si O Si OH + 6Si(OH)4
OH OH
OH OH
HO Si OH HO Si OH
OH O O OH
HO Si O Si O Si O Si OH + 6(H2O)
OH O O OH
HO Si OHHO Si OH
OH OH
Effect of experimental condition on
(1) pH value
(2) temperature
(3) molar ration of H2O:Si
(4) precursor molecules
(5) volume ratio of ROH:H2O
(6) solvent and additive
VO(i-OC3H7)3 or VOCl3
+ C2H5OH+ H2O + dilute HNO3