Auroras polytech academy. 2.K.Kranthi Kumar 3.A.Madhu Sudhan 4. B.Mohan kumar The Word AutoCAD is made up of two words Auto(logo of company)and CAD (computer aided design). AutoCAD is 2D and 3D modeling software. It is developed by Autodesk company. Autodesk is an U.S.A based company. It is widely used in industry for 2D drawing and 3D modeling. In another way we can say that AutoCAD is a designing course , which is performed by the help of computer. AutoCAD software was firstly launched by Autodesk company in Dec. 1982. It comes in India in 1988. The first version of AutoCAD was R1 after that R2,R3,R4 and so on. In 2000,Autodesk launched a version of AutoCAD 2000 after that 2001,2002 so on. This time, we have the latest version of AutoCAD is 2018,which is launched on 21st march 2017. Latest version is easy to use and over come the difficulties of old version. There is a co-ordinate system used in AutoCAD. Every drawing shows its co-ordinate. In above next slide the line shows its co-ordinate that is ( 9,6 ) and (-10,-4). There is so many commands like copy, move ,rotate ,mirror in 2D, path array , rectangular array, polar array & more. Different types of drawing can be made in the same time by using a command that is LAYER. Using line , arc , circle , rectangle , ellipse & polygon , so many drawing of different type can be made. Every thing that we draw in AutoCAD is exact. All object drawn on screen is based on simple X-Y co-ordinate system. In AutoCAD it is known as word co-ordinate system (WCS). We are drawing a line, so we have two points A(-10,-4) and B(9,6). As shown in figure. Solids contain the mass properties of 3D objects. You can use the Solids toolbar for readily accessible objects Box Cylinder Wedge
You can use the Boolean operations of more
complicated shapes. Union (join two solids) Subtract (carve out the second solid from the first) Intersection (only the common area) BENEFITS/USE OF AUTOCAD Quickly create designs. Improved quality over hand drafting. Easily modify. More Accuracy. Easy to transfer. Long time save. Here are some advantages of the CAD , 1.The ability of producing a very accurate designs. 2.The given diagram can be rotated in angle and can also be viewed in directions. 3.Other computers programs can be linked to the design software. 4.while in manual drafting you must determine the scale of the view before starting which is optional here. 5.In CAD the scale compares the size of the actual object to the size of the model drawn on paper. One of the main advantage is you can decide the unites and then draw the model at 1:1 scale . 1.Registered software is expensive and it requires a heavy re-occurring annual fee. 2. Special computer skills are required. 3.Proper maintenance , supervision is required. 4. Data storage is also fragile .(i.e high probability of data loss is a big threat). 5. Piracy and hacking threats are always there when you use internet . Here are few applications of CAD. 1.To communicate design ideas. 2.To refine design ideas. 3.Combined with analysis tools ,to test designs. 4.To facilitate manufacturing. 5. To educate people. CNC: The full form of the abbreviation CNC is Computerized Numerical Controller . These are the types of CNC operations we have learned . CNC turning: Turning is the process of surfacing of cylindrical work pieces.
CNC milling: Milling is the process of
cutting operation of complex work piece. Controlled by G and M codes. These are number values and co-ordinates. Each number or code is assigned to a particular operation. Typed in manually to CAD by machine operators. G & M codes are automatically generated by the computer software. The G codes refer to the work related codes and the M codes refer to the machine moment . These G and M codes have slight changes as per the type of operation as well as the type of shape of the job or material . The above format of a block refer to the procedure we write in conventional Area (i.e.the step by step process of the operation) These format of the block combine together to form one single step in the operation or job . ***These are some of the important and commonly used G and M codes. G00 Rapid Transverse M00 Program stop G01 Linear Interpolation M01 Optional program stop G02 Circular Interpolation, CW M02 Program end G03 Circular Interpolation, CCW M03 Spindle on clockwise G20/G70 Inch units M04 Spindle on counterclockwise G8 Cancel canned cycles M05 Spindle stop G81 Drilling cycle M06 Tool change G82 Counter boring cycle M08 Coolant on G83 Deep hole drilling cycle M09 Coolant off G90 Absolute positioning M10 Clamps on G91 Incremental positioning M11 Clamps off M30 Program stop, reset to start Operator panel: operator panel is manual operation can be done and the place where the program is written into the system , it is also called as control panel . In this operator panel there are many modes of control (i.e, jog mode , automatic mode , edit mode , graphics mode etc) 1. Modes of Operation Automatic operation 1. Memory operation 2. MDI Operation 3. Program restart 4. Manual handle interruption 5. Sequence number search Manual operation:
1. Jog feed
2. Incremental feed
3. Manual handle feed
4. Manual absolute on and off
CNC machine manufactures this items Automobile Part
Aerospace Diamond & Jewellery Ind.
Textile Machinery
Die & Mould
Manufactures Lubricating during cutting process
Cooling the work piece at high cutting speeds
Improving tool life,
Improving surface finish
Flushing away chips from the cutting zone
Corrosion protection of the machined surface
STRAIGHT OILS -Non-emulsifiable and are used in machining operations in an undiluted form they are composed of a petroleum oil , lubricants such as fats, vegetable oils ( BEST LUBRICATION )
SOLUBLE OILS -Contain no petroleum or mineral oil , composed of
alkaline inorganic and organic compounds ( BEST COOLING )
SEMISYNTHETIC FLUIDS- Emulsion when mixed with water
( LEAST EXPENSIVE )
SYNTHETIC FLUIDS- Combination of synthetic and soluble oil fluids
( COST AND HEAT TRANSFER PERFORMANCE ) High Accuracy e.g. Aircraft parts Production rate is very high Complex surfaces need to be machined Flexibility in job change , automatic tool settings More safe , higher productivity , better quality Less paper work , faster prototype production Costly setup
Skilled operators
Computers , Programming knowledge
required
Maintenance is very difficult
CNC Machine Conventional Machine CNC machines can be used Conventional machines are difficult continuously for long intervals and only operate for several hours at a stretch. need to be switched off for occasional The operator has to continuously focus maintenance. on the job at hand. CNC machines can produce several Resemblance of the products formed products, all similar and dead accurate depends on the skill of the operator. Visible differences may occur Less skilled/trained persons can Highly skilled operators are required to operate the CNC machines. work on conventional machines CNC machines can be updated by Chances for major improvement in the using improved software to drive the same conventional machines are very machines. less. One person can supervise several CNC One person cannot operate more than machines, and they can be left to work one conventional machine at a time themselves. The importance of lathes and milling machines even if they are conventional cannot be undermined. These machines have played a real important role in bringing about industrial revolution and have laid the foundations. But the bringing about of the new technology in the present era is very important. The conventional machines are required in small quantities whereas the CNC machines must be increased to improve the quantity and quality of production. .