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Pavel Danihelka
Eva erveanov
UNECE WORSHOP ON TDS
, YEREVAN, November
CONTENT:
UNECE WORSHOP ON TD
S, YEREVAN, November
EXAMPLES OF HISTORICAL
ACCIDENTS
At least 221 serious tailing dams accidents
reported by UNEP*:
* http://www.mineralresourcesforum.org/docs/pdfs/Bulletin121.PDF
BAIA MARE
January 30, 2000 in Baia Mare (Romania)
the biggest freshwater disaster in Central
and Eastern Europe.
Nearly 100,000 m3 of cyanide and heavy
metal-contamined liquid spilled into the
Lupus stream, reaching the Szamos,
Tisza, and finally Danube rivers and killing
hundreds of tones of fish and poisoning
the drinking water of more than 2 million
people in Hungary.
Definition of
Hazard
Risk
Risk and its quantification (measurement)
Principles of risk reduction/management
SOURCE OF DANGER
=
POTENTIAL TO CAUSE
DAMAGE
DANGEROUSITY
IDENTICAL
RISK
DIFFERENT
Flux of danger
Source Target
system system
DOMINO EFFECT:
SYSTEM 2 SYSTEM 3
INITIAL SYSTEM 1
EVENT
RISK MATRIX B C
A banal case PROBABILITY
ACTION
PROBABILITY
NECESSARY
ACCEPTABLE RISK
MITIGATION
ACTION
VOLUNTARY CONDITIONALLY
ACCEPTABLE
GRAVITY
Scenarios
proposal
Risk assessment
Goals
setting
Barriers of
prevention
TOP
EVENT 3
(DAM
DESTRUCTION)
5
7
SCENARIO 1
SCENARIO 2
Consequences Severity Biological Impacts Regulatory Impacts and Public Concern and Image Health and Safety
(Direct Costs) and Land Use Concerns
Extreme (>$10 M) Catastrophic impact Unable to meet regulatory Local, international and NGO Fatality or multiple fatalities
on habitat obligations or expectations; shut outcry and demonstrations, results expected
(irreversable and down or severe restriction of in large stock devaluation: severe
large) operations restrictions of 'licence to practice';
High ($1 - $10 M) Significant, Regularly (more than once per Local, international or NGO Severe injury or disability likely:
irreversible impact year) or severely fail regulatory activism resulting in political and or some potential for fatality
on habitat or large, obligations or expectations - financial impacts on company
reversable large increasing fines and loss of 'license to do business' and in
regulatory trust major proceedure or practice
changes,
Moderate ($0.1 - $1 M) Significant, Occasionally (less than one per Occasional local, international Lost time or injury likely: or
reversible impact on year) or moderately fail and NGO attention requiring some potential for serious
habitat regulatory obligations or minor proceedure changes and injuries; or small risk of fatality.
expectations - fined or censured additional public relations and
communications
Low ($0.01 - 0.1 M) Minor impact on Seldom or marginally exceed Infrequent local, international and First aid required; or small risk
habitat regulatory obligations or NGO attention addressed by of serious injury.
expectations. Some loss of normal public relations and
regulatory tolerance, increasing communications
reporting.
Negligible (<$0.01 M) No measurable Do not exceed regulatory No international/ NGO attention No concern
impact obligations or expectations
3 7
GRAVITY
1 5
PROBABILITY
1
5 2
3 2 7
6 7
GRAVITY
Initial Other
event conditions
Flux of danger
Source Target
BARRIER BARRIER
system system
SYSTEM 2 SYSTEM 3
INITIAL SYSTEM 1
EVENT
Emergency preparedness
CATASTROPHE
DEVIATIONS