Module 1: Solutions

Homogeneous mixtures are called

solutions.
i.e. When you put sugar into water, the
solid becomes part of the liquid and
cannot be seen.
Solutions may be solids dissolved in
liquids
Or gases dissolved in liquids.
Or gas dissolved in another gas
Or a liquid dissolved in another liquid
Or a solid in another solid
Activity 1
What Solutions Do You Find at
Home?
Products or Solutions Characteristics
Found at Home or in
Store
Ex. Juice Drinks Orange
Liquid
Sweet
Sour
Etc.
Solute + Solvent = SOLUTION

Solute- the minor component of

a solution, dissolved in a solvent

Solvent- the major component

of a solution in which a solute is
dissolved to form a solution.
Nature/Types of a Solution
1. Naturally Occurring Solutions
-solutions that occur naturally
i.e. bodies of water, blood plasma, air,
some mineral ores

Many materials in nature can be used

efficiently only when these are in the
form of solutions.
i.e. plants cannot absorb minerals from the
soil unless these minerals are in solution.
Nature/Types of a Solution
2. Manufactured Solutions or
Processes Solutions
i.e. vinegar, gasoline, steel in alloy
of copper or tin, brass in an alloy
of copper and zinc, wine and
liquor, brewed coffee and tea.
 Activity 2: What Are The
Properties of a Solution?
Will
Can be
dissolve
Appearanc Number separated Solution
Sample in one
e of phases by or not?
cup
filtration?
water?
Sugar completel uniform one no solution
y
Salt completel Uniform Two No Solution
y
Mongo Not at all Not uniform Two Yes Not a
Seeds solution
Powdered Completel Not uniform Two No or some Colloid
juice y or powder left (not a
partially on filter solution)
paper
Cooking Not at all Not uniform Two layers No Not a
oil solution
Vinegar completel uniform one no solution
y
 Conclusions
Characteristics of a Solution
1. It is homogeneous. It is a mixture of one
phase only. The components are so well
mixed that all parts of the solution
appear the same. Solutions have the
same composition and properties
throughout.
2. The solute cannot be separated from the
solvent through filtration because these
are so small that they pass through the
filter paper or cheesecloth.
3. A solution id often clear and transparent.
 Activity 3: What is the Evidence
that a Solution is Saturated?
SOLUBILITY -is the property of a solid,
liquid, or gaseous chemical substance
called solute to dissolve in a solid, liquid,
or gaseous solvent to form a solution of
the solute in the solvent.

SATURATED when a solution contains

the maximum amount of solute dissolved
by a given amount of solvent. The
presence of an excess solid which can no
longer dissolve is the evidence that the
solution is saturated.
 Activity 3: What is the Evidence
that a Solution is Saturated?
Saturation Point the stage at
which no more of a substance can
be absorbed into a vapor or
dissolved into a solution.

UNSATURATED when a solutions

contains less solute than the
maximum amount it can dissolve at
a given temperature.
 Concentration of Solutions
Concentrated when there is a
large amount of dissolved solute
for a certain volume of solvent.

Dilute when a solution has

small amount of dissolved solute
in comparison to the amount of
solvent.
% by volume the amount of
solute in a given volume of
solution expressed as grams
solute per 100 milliliter of
solution (g/100mL)

i.e. 70% ethyl or isopropyl, meaning

70 mL alcohol
 Sample problem 1
Since rubbing alcohol contains 70% ethyl
alcohol, it means that 100 mL of rubbing
alcohol contains 70 mL ethyl alcohol. So,
the following calculations show that in
50 mL of rubbing alcohol, there is 35 mL
ethyl alcohol.
50 mL rubbing alcohol70 mL = 35 mL ethyl
x 100
ethyl
mL alcohol
rubbing
% by mass, which is the amount
of solute in a given mass of
solvent expressed as grams solute
per grams of solution

i.e. 5% acidity, which means that it

contains 5 grams of acetic acid in
100 g of vinegar.
Sample problem 2
A one peso coin has a mass of 5.5 grams.
How many grams of copper are in a one
peso coin containing 75% copper by
mass?
Calculation:
75 % by mass means 75 grams of copper
in 100 grams of one peso coin.
So, a 5.4 grams one peso coin contains
75 g x 5.4 g = 4.0 g copper
100 g coincoin
copper