Origin of the Solar

System
Gabriel Danielle Luiz Garcia- Eslava
San Beda- Manila, SHS
The Creation of everything in a nutshell
The universe that started with the big bang did not form the
stars and galaxies immediately.

The formation of stars and galaxies only started 300-500

million years after the big bang.

The solar system that we know today only formed 8.5-9

billion years
Encounter Hypothesis
States that the sun encountered a rogue
star.
Upon encounter, gas was removed from
both stars due to the gravitational
interaction of the two stars.
The material from the rogue star is less
dense, thus forming the outer, Jovian
planets, known as the gas Giants (Jupiter,
Saturn, Neptune and Uranus). And the
material from the sun, which is denser,
formed the inner, terrestrial planets
(Mercury,Venus, Earth and Mars).
 Protoplanet Hypothesis
Suggests that a cloud of gas and dust in diameter slowly
rotated.
Eventually, the cloud of gas and dust began to collapse, the
cause was either because of gravity or by the explosion of
a passing star.
The collapse decreased the size of the cloud, resulting to
an increase in rotation.
Also, the compression made the interior so hot creating a
hydrogen fusion, thus forming the sun.
Surrounding the sun was a great plate-like disk containing
huge whirlpool or eddies where matter accumulates due
to friction.
The whirlpool or eddies shrank into compact masses
forming the protoplanets that later became the planets
and moons.
Descartes Vortex Theory
Rene Descartes (1596-1650)
First proponents of a model on the
Origin of the Solar System (1644)
no empty space can exist and that
space must consequently be filled
with matter.
Descartes also distinguishes
between different forms and sizes of
matter in which rough matter resists
the circular movement more
strongly than fine matter.
Buffons Collision Theory
George Louis Leclerc, Comte
de Buffon (1707-1788)
Planets were formed by the
collision of the Sun with a
Giant comet
Collision results in release
of material from the Sun.
Released material
condenses and acquires the
shape of planets which
starts revolving around the
sun.
 Nebular Hypothesis
Proposed by Immanuel Kant and Pierre Simon Laplace.

Considered as the most favored model for the origin of the solar system.

The solar system formed from a slowly rotating cloud of gas or SOLAR NEBULA that
collapsed and flattened with a hot central region known as the SUN and the remaining
materials became the planets and everything else.

Although it is not mathematically possible for the solar nebula to form the rings.
Solar Nebular Theory
To solve the original problems of Kant and Laplaces Nebular
Theory
The solar system was formed as a result of the condensation of
Hydrogen gas and dust referred to as interstellar gas and dust
cloud.
 Solar Nebular Theory
A more sophisticated version of the nebular hypothesis was developed wherein
INTERSTELLAR DUST is included.

Combines the idea of the flattening solar nebula with the interstellar dust condensing as
the nebula cooled that serves as a condensation nuclei wherein matter can stick to it and
accumulate.

About 4.6 billion years ago, the solar nebula began collapsing due to the gravitational
interactions between particles. The collapse may have been triggered b a shock wave
from a dying star undergoing supernova.

As the solar nebula contracted, it rotated the faster and faster. This continued until the
sun was formed. This marked the end of the contraction of the solar system.
 Solar Nebular Theory (cont.)
The temperatures began to decline since there is no gravitational energy from the
contraction that will be converted to thermal energy.

The lower temperature condensed the substances such as nickel and iron, and other
rock forming minerals, to join together forming the planetisimals, repeated collisions
later formed the four terrestrial planets, namely Mercury,Venus, Earth and Mars.

The planetisimals were to small to accumulate the lighter components as *ACCRETION

continues to form the planets.

*the coming together and cohesion of matter under the influence of gravitation to form
larger bodies.
 Solar Nebular Theory (cont.)
The solar winds then carried (planetisimals) them to the outer regions of the solar
system.

The terrestrial planets (Mercury,Venus, Earth and Mars) were being formed, as well as
the Jovian (Jupiter-like) gas giants (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune) together with
their natural satellites.

Since their distance from the Sun is so great, the Jovian planets received lower solar
energy and experienced lower temperatures compared to the outer, terrestrial planets.

The gas giants then have high percentages of ices, rocky and metallic debris in their
composition.
Parts of the Solar System
1. Planets (2 types)

Terrestrial: Earth-like planets that have a small

diameter, solid surface (high density), and are close
to the sun
 Mercury (no atmosphere, cratered)
 Venus (thick CO2 atmospherehigh temp. because of
green house effect)
 Earth (O2 rich atmosphere, liquid water, sustains life)
 Mars (red planet, thin atmosphere, cold temp.)
 Jovian (Gas Giants): Jupiter-like planets that have a
large diameter, low density, rings, and are far from
the sun
Jupiter
The most massive
planet in our solar
system with four
planet sized
moons, Jupiter
forms a kind of
miniature solar
system.
Saturn
Saturn is the most
distant of the five
planets.
It is made mostly of
hydrogen and helium.
It has thousands of
rings made up of
billions of ice and
rock particles.
Uranus
Uranus, like Saturn, is
encircled by five narrow
rings which are named
Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta,
and Epsilon.
Neptune The eighth
planet from the
sun, Neptune,
was the first
planet located
through
mathematical
predictions
rather than
observations of
the sky.
2. Asteroids: small rocky bodies that orbit the sun
(asteroid belt: millions of asteroids concentrated
between Mars and Jupiter)
3. Moons: natural satellites that orbit planets (a
satellite is anything that orbits something else)
4. Comets: dirty snowballs that orbit the sun in a
VERY ECCENTRIC Orbit (see the tail because the
sun heats the comet)
5. Meteors: very small (pebble) solid fragments that
orbit the sun

**sometimes they enter the Earths atmosphere

and burn upshooting stars
 Meteorites: meteors that hit the Earths surface and
create a craterImpact Event
StarsIncluding our Sun
Stars: large ball of gas that produces tremendous
amounts of energy

**the Sun is the star nearest to Earthwhich is why it

looks big (the only star in our solar system)
 Nuclear Fusion: energy source for all starsnuclei of
smaller elements combine to make larger ones

H + H He + Energy