Mechanics of writing:

Quotation
EFFECTIVE
COMMUNICATION
TUTORIAL TASK
MADAM ANN

By: Theodorus Clarence

Tessensohn
Sah-Harzan bin Sah-Hadiyatan
 Mechanics of writing:
Quotation
EFFECTIVE
COMMUNICATION
TUTORIAL TASK
MADAM ANN

By: Theodorus Clarence

Tessensohn
Sah-Harzan bin Sah-Hadiyatan
WHAT ARE QUOTATIONS???

Quotation: an exact reproduction of another

speaker's or writers words.
Paraphrase:a restatement of someone elses ideas
entirely in your own words.
DIFFERENT!!!!
 WHAT ARE QUOTATIONS USED FOR??
1. To reproduce distinctive and admirable
phrasing--that is, when a paraphrase would
be an not suitable

In his Introduction to Lysistrata, Douglass Parker denies

that the play is a "hoard of applied lubricity."
2. When the speaker or writer is an expert on
the subject or an otherwise famous person
whose specific words might be newsworthy,
of general interest, or add credibility to your
paper.
Samuel Pepys called Twelfth Night "one of the weakest
plays that ever I saw on the stage."
3. To reproduce important statements of
information, opinion, or policy.

According to the Code on Campus Affairs, "No absence

from class is excused."
4. To reproduce exactly a passage that you are
explaining or interpreting.

Corrigan refers to the world of comedy as a "protected

realm."
 The Mechanics of Quotation

The rules of punctuating quotations change

slightly, depending on whether the quotation
is documented or not.
It's important for you to know how
documentation affects punctuation, so what
are the rules???
 Punctuating Quotations

Periods and commas, whether or not they are

part of the quoted material, always go inside
the closing quotation marks:

"The comic mask," says Aristotle, "is ugly and distorted,

but does not imply pain."
Colons and semicolons at the end of
independent clauses which end with a
quotation go outside the closing quotation
marks:

Pseudolus calls Phoenicium's letter "terrible" ;he means

it is badly written.
Question marks and exclamation points go
inside or outside the closing quotation marks,
depending on whether they are part of your
sentence or the quoted sentence:

Malvolio asks, "My masters, are you mad?"

Why does Olivia call Malvolio "poor fool"?
An ellipsis (three spaced periods) goes in the
middle of a quotation or at the end--never at
the beginning. To indicate words omitted
from inside a quotation, use three spaced
periods:

"Some are born great . . . and some have greatness

thrust upon em."
If the quotation goes on where your sentence
ends, you can mark the missing material with
4 spaced periods, the first following the last
word of the quotation with no space:

Cesarios most impressive speech begins, "Make me a

willow cabin at your gate. . . ."
Verse (i.e., poetry) quotations of 3 lines or
fewer should be incorporated directly into
your paragraph, with a slash marking the
division between lines:

Lysistrata ends with a religious invocation, "sing to

honor her-- / Athene of the Bronze House! / Sing
Athene!"
Once the reader knows which edition of a text you are using,
the only information necessary to document a quotation
is a line or page number; the format varies slightly
depending on the kind of work you are quoting:
For poems whose lines are numbered consecutively, from
beginning to end, just use line numbers:
In "The Reeves Tale," the millers daughter has "eyen as greye
as glas" (120).
For plays whose lines are numbered from the beginning of
each scene, indicate act, scene, and line number:
Posing as Cesario, Viola tells Olivia, "I am not that I play"
(1.5.187) .
Give page numbers for plays without line numbers and for
prose works:
Aristotle defines comedy as "an imitation of characters of a
lower type" (51).
Parenthetical documentation must be considered
part of the sentence containing the quoted
material to which it refers, it must come after
quotation marks but before terminal
punctuation (commas, periods, and such at the
end of clauses).
"My masters, are you mad?" becomes "My masters, are you
mad?" (2.3.87).
"Make me a willow cabin at your gate . . ." (1.5.273).
Although the women of Greece swear to "withhold all rights
of access or entrance" (32), they soon find their oath
difficult to keep.
 The Stylistics of Quotation
Introduce quotations with a specific reference to
their context--either events in the story, or ideas
in the paragraph. Never introduce a quotation
with just a line or page number:
Weak: On page 219, Pseudolus says he has "eyes like
pumice stones."
Better: When Calidorus asks Pseudolus why
Phoenicium's letter doesn't make him weep,
Pseudolus responds that he has "eyes like pumice
stones" (219).
Quote only as much of the text as is necessary
to make your point. Don't quote several lines
to establish the context of a single important
line. Don't quote big chunks of the text to
make your paper look long.
Select your quotations and build your sentences
around them so that the whole is a
grammatically correct unit. Don't quote
complete sentences inside your own sentences.
Weak: Feste's statement that "Foolery, sir, does
walk about the orb like the sun; it shines
everywhere" (3.1.40-41) is an appropriate
comment on the other characters in the play.
Better: Feste's comment that foolishness, like
sunlight, "shines everywhere" (3.1.41) could be
taken as the theme of Twelfth Night.
You can edit quotations to clarify them, or to
make them fit the structure of your
sentences, so long as you do not
misrepresent the context of the quotation.
You can insert words, enclosed in square
brackets.
You can replace words with others, enclosed
in square brackets.
THANKYOU!!!!!!!!!!!!!