DIABETIC

RETINOPATHY
 Nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) refers
to the presence of intraretinal vascular
changes without
the presence of extraretinal fibrovascular tissue; it
is further subdivided into mild, moderate, and
severe. NPDR is also referred to as background
diabetic retinopathy

Terminolog Clinically significant diabetic macular edema

(CSDME) is present when minimal severity

y criteria for macular edema have been met

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), ischemia-
induced neovascularization, further described as
early, high risk, or advanced

Basic and Clinical Science Course: Retina and Vitreous AAO, 2014-2015, p. 89-
112
 After 20 years of diabetes mellitus
nearly 99% of patients with type 1 and
60% with type 2 had some degree of
diabetic retinopathy
3.6% of younger-onset patients (aged
<30 years at diagnosis, an operational
Epidemiolo definition of type 1 diabetes mellitus)
1.6% of older-onset patients (aged >30
gy years at diagnosis, an operational
definition of type 2 diabetes mellitus)

Basic and Clinical Science Course: Retina and Vitreous AAO, 2014-2015, p. 89-
112
 selective loss of pericytes and basement membrane
thickening changes that favor capillary
occlusion and retinal nonperfusion
decompensation of the endothelial barrier
function serum leakage and retinal edema to
occur
Pathogenesis Basic and Clinical Science Course: Retina and Vitreous AAO, 2014-2015, p. 89-112
hyperglycemia
biochemical and physiologic
changes Vision loss in patients with diabetic retinopathy can be
endothelial damage associated with the following conditions:
capillary leakage (macular edema)
capillary occlusion (macular ischemia, diabetic
papillopathy)
sequelae from ischemia-induced neovascularization
(vitreous hemorrhage, traction retinal detachment,
neovascular glaucoma)
Basic and Clinical Science Course: Retina and Vitreous AAO, 2014-2015, p.
89-112