Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Prof. Suvranu De
Introduction
Info
Course Instructor:
Professor Suvranu De
email: des@rpi.edu
JEC room: 2049
Tel: 6351
Office hours: T/F 2:00 pm-3:00 pm
Course website:
http://www.rpi.edu/~des/IFEA2016Fall.html
Info
Practicum Instructor:
Professor Jeff Morris
email: morrij5@rpi.edu
JEC room: JEC 7030
Tel: X2613
Office hours: http://homepages.rpi.edu/~morrij5/Office_schedule.png
Info
TA:
Kartik Josyula
email: josyuk@rpi.edu
JEC room: CII 9219
Office hours: M: 5-6pm, R:3:30-4:30pm
Course texts and references
Relevant reference:
Logistics:
Form groups of 2 and email the TA by 23rd
September.
Submit 1-page project proposal latest by 21st
October (in class). The earlier the better. Projects
will go on a first come first served basis.
Proceed to work on the project ONLY after it is
approved by the course instructor.
Submit a one-page progress report on November
8th (this will count as 10% of your project grade)
Submit a project report (hard copy) by noon of 9th
December to the instructor.
Major project (25 %)..contd.
Project report:
1. Must be professional (Text font Times 11pt with
single spacing)
2. Must include the following sections:
Introduction
Problem statement
Analysis
Results and Discussions
Major project (25 %)..contd.
Project examples:
(two sample project reports from previous year are
provided)
1. Analysis of a rocker arm
2. Analysis of a bicycle crank-pedal assembly
3. Design and analysis of a "portable stair climber"
4. Analysis of a gear train
5.Gear tooth stress in a wind- up clock
6. Analysis of a gear box assembly
7. Analysis of an artificial knee
8. Forces acting on the elbow joint
9. Analysis of a soft tissue tumor system
10. Finite element analysis of a skateboard truck
Major project (25 %)..contd.
Element Node
Finite element Element
Cantilever plate
model Mesh
in plane strain
Discretization
Node
Problem: Obtain the
stresses/strains in the
plate
Course content
a 1 a2 a3 a4
A column vector of length m is a mx1 matrix
a1
a
2
a3
Special matrices
0 0 0 0
03x 4 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
Identity matrix: A square matrix which has 1 s on the
diagonal and zeros everywhere else.
1 0 0
I3x 3
0 1 0
0 0 1
Matrix operations
Equality of matrices
1 2 4 a b c
A 3 0 7 B d e f
9 1 5 g h i
a 1, b 2, c 4,
A B d 3, e 0, f 7,
g 9, h 1, i 5.
Matrix operations Addition of two
matrices
1 2 4
A 3
0 7 c 3
9 1 5
3 6 12
cA 9 0 21
27 3 15
Multiplication by a
scalar
Matrix operations
Special case
1 2 4
A 3 0 7 c 1
9 1 5
1 2 4
cA -A 3 0
7
9 1 5
Matrix operations Subtraction
1 2 4 1 3 10
A 3 0 7 B 3 1 0
9 1 5 1 0 6
2 1 6
C A B 0 1 7
8 1 1
Note that A - A 0 and 0 - A -A
Transpose
Special
operations
If A is a mxn matrix, then the transpose of A is
the nxm matrix whose first column is the first
row of A, whose second column is the second
column of A and so on.
1 2 4 1 3 9
A 3 0
7 A 2
T
0 1
9 1 5 4 7 5
Transpose
Special
operations
AA T
Matrix operations Scalar (dot) product of
two vectors
If a and b are two vectors of the same size
a1 b1
a a 2 ; b b
2
a 3 b3
The scalar (dot) product of a and b is a scalar
obtained by adding the products of
corresponding entries of the two vectors
a b a 1b1 a 2 b 2 a 3 b 3
T
Matrix operations Matrix multiplication
A B = AB
mxr rxn mxn
inside
outside
Matrix operations Matrix multiplication
3 1
T
5 1
C3x2 AB 10 9 notice 2 3 3
7 28 4 1
Multiplication of
Matrix operations matrices
Properties
A B BA I
Then
(a)The matrix A is called invertible, and
(b) the matrix B is the inverse of A and is
denoted as A-1.
AB BA I
AC CA I
(BA)C IC C
B(AC) BI B
BC
Hence a matrix cannot have two or more
inverses.
Some properties
Inverse of a
matrix
k A 1 1 -1
A
k
Inverse of a Properties
matrix
Property 3: If A and B are invertible square
matrices then
1
A B 1 -1
B A
(AB) AB
1
I
Premultiplying both sides by A-1
A (AB) AB A 1
-1 1
A ABAB
-1 1
A 1
BAB A 1
1
a11 a12
A ; det( A ) a11a 22 a12a 21
a 21 a 22
1 3
det( A ) 1 7 3 5 8
5 7
2 4 - 3 2 4 3 2 4
A 1 0 4
1 0
4 1 0
2 - 1 2
2 1 2 2 1
0 -8 8 0 32 3
2 7 8
3 2 4 0
2 7 8
a 21 a 23 a 21 a 23
M 12 a 21a 33 a 23a 31 C12 M 12
a 31 a 33 a 31 a 33
What is a cofactor?
Sign of cofactor -
- -
-
Find the minor and cofactor of a33
2 4 - 3
A 1 0 4
Minor 2 4
2 - 1 2 M 33 2 0 4 1 4
1 0
Cofactor C ( 1) ( 3 3 ) M M 4
33 33 33
Cofactor method of obtaining the
determinant of a matrix
det( A ) a 1j C 1j a 2j C 2j a n jC n j
A= 3 4 0 1
det(A) = a11C11 +a12C12 + a13C13 +a14C14
-1 5 2 -2
0 1 1 3
4 0 1 3 0 1 3 4 1
det(A)=(1) 5 2 -2 - (0) -1 2 -2 +2 -1 5 -2
1 1 3 0 1 3 0 1 3
3 4 0
- (-3) -1 5 2 = (1)(35)-0+(2)(62)-(-3)(13)=198
0 1 1
Example : evaluate
1 5 -3
det(A)= 1 0 2
3 -1 2
By a cofactor along the third column
det(A)=a13C13 +a23C23+a33C33
4 1 0 1 5 1 5
det(A)= -3* (-1) +2*(-1)5 +2*(-1)6
3 -1 3 -1 1 0
= det(A)= -3(-1-0)+2(-1)5(-1-15)+2(0-5)=25
Quadratic form
The scalar Ud kd
T d vector
k square matrix
Is known as a quadratic form
d1 k11 k12
Let d k
Symmetric
d 2 k 21 k 22 matrix
Then
k11 k12 d1
U d k d d1 d 2
T
k12 k 22 d 2
k11d1 k12 d 2
d1 d 2
k12 d1 k 22 d 2
d1 (k11d1 k12 d 2 ) d 2 (k12 d1 k 22 d 2 )
k11d1 2k12 d1 d 2 k 22 d 2
2 2
Differentiation of quadratic form
Differentiate U wrt d1
U
2 k 11 d 1 2 k 12 d 2
d 1
Differentiate U wrt d2
U
2 k 12 d 1 2 k 22 d 2
d 2
Differentiation of quadratic form
Hence
U
U d 1 k11 k12 d 1
2
d U k12 k 22 d 2
d 2
2k d
Outline
http://www.airbus.com/en/aircraftfamilies/a380/
Drag Force Analysis
of Aircraft
Question
What is the drag force distribution on the aircraft?
Solve
Navier-Stokes Partial Differential Equations.
Recent Developments
Multigrid Methods for Unstructured Grids
San Francisco Oakland Bay Bridge
Question
What is the load-deformation relation?
Solve
Partial Differential Equations of Continuum Mechanics
Recent Developments
Meshless Methods, Iterative methods, Automatic Error Control
Engine Thermal
Analysis
Picture from
http://www.adina.com
Question
What is the temperature distribution in the engine block?
Solve
Poisson Partial Differential Equation.
Recent Developments
Fast Integral Equation Solvers, Monte-Carlo Methods
Electromagnetic
Analysis of Packages
Thanks to
Coventor
http://www.cov
entor.com
Solve
Maxwells Partial Differential Equations
Recent Developments
Fast Solvers for Integral Formulations
Micromachine Device
Performance Analysis
From www.memscap.com
Equations
Elastomechanics, Electrostatics, Stokes Flow.
Recent Developments
Fast Integral Equation Solvers, Matrix-Implicit Multi-level Newton
Methods for coupled domain problems.
Radiation Therapy of
Lung Cancer
http://www.simulia.com/academics/research_lung.html
Virtual Surgery
General scenario..
Engineering design
Physical Problem
Questions:
1. What is the bending moment at section AA?
2. What is the deflection at the pin?
Finite Element Procedures, K J Bathe
Example: A bracket
Engineering design Mathematical model 1:
beam
Moment at section AA M WL
27,500 N cm
1 W (L rN )3 W (L rN )
Deflection at load at load W
3 EI 5
AG
6
How reliable is this model? 0.053 cm
Physical Problem
Mathematical model
Governed by differential
equations
Numerical model
e.g., finite element
model
..General scenario..
Engineering design Finite element analysis
PREPROCESSING
1. Create a geometric model
2. Develop the finite element model
POSTPROCESSING
Preprocessing
Step 1
Step 2
Analysis
Step 3
Postprocessing
Example: A bracket
Engineering design Mathematical model 2:
plane stress
FEM solution to mathematical model 2 (plane stress)
Moment at section AA M 27,500 N cm
Deflection at load at load W 0 .064 cm
Mathematical Improve
Model mathematical
model
Numerical model
No!
Does answer
Refine analysis
make sense?
Physical Problem
Validation
Mathematical
Model
Verification
Numerical model
Critical assessment of the FEM
Reliability:
For a well-posed mathematical problem the numerical
technique should always, for a reasonable discretization,
give a reasonable solution which must converge to the
accurate solution as the discretization is refined.
e.g., use of reduced integration in FEM results in an
unreliable analysis procedure.
Robustness:
The performance of the numerical method should not be
unduly sensitive to the material data, the boundary
conditions, and the loading conditions used.
e.g., displacement based formulation for incompressible
problems in elasticity
Efficiency: