BIOLOGY FORM 5

CHAPTER 4:
REPRODUCTION AND GROWTH
 4.1:GAMETE FORMATION
No organism can live forever. Hence, it is necessary
for organisms to reproduce to ensure the
continuous existence of their species
Reproduction is the production of new individuals
of the same species
There are 2 types of reproduction:
-Asexual reproduction
-Sexual reproduction
 Asexual Reproduction
Production of a new
individuals from a single
parent without involving
gametes
The new individuals formed
are genetically identical to
the parent
Sexual Reproduction
Involves of two parents. The
male parent produces male
gamete while the female
parent produces the female
gamete
During fertilization, the
male gamete fused with the
female gamete to form a
zygote. Then, the zygote
develops into a new
individual.
Formation of sperm in humans
 In humans, the male gamete is called
spermatozoon, or sperm in short
The formation of sperm is called
spermatogenesis

human male reproductive system

Organ and its function in male
reproductive system
 Organ Function

Testis Production of sperms and sex

hormones

Epididymis Sperm maturation site and

storage

Vas deferens Transport sperms from the

epididymis to the urethra

Secretion of a fluids for sperms to

Seminal vesical and swim in as well as providing
prostate gland fructose as a source of energy

Penis Organ to deliver sperm during

sexual intercourse
 Within each testis are many coiled, fine tubes
called seminiferous tubules. Spermatogenesis
occurs at the wall of the seminiferous tubules.
The outermost layer of cells at the wall of the
seminiferous tubules is the germinal
epithelium, which consist of germ cells.
Sperms are formed by the germ cell.
 It has a large nucleus which carries genetic information
The acrosome contains enzyme which will be released to
help the sperm to penetrate the ovum
The tail is used for the sperm to swim towards the ovum
Energy is provided by the large number of mitochondria
found in the middle piece