Pilot Tug Master course

Tug & Pivot point

As long as the ship dead in the
water , the resultant of 2 tugs
push with equal forces is to
sheer lateral motion of the ship.

As soon as the ship starts

moving ahead or astern, a swing
develops. The imbalance in
forces results in rotational
motion
Tug, wind & Pivot point
Tug, wind & Pivot point
Interaction between Tug & Ship
Gritting
Tugs taking off speed by backing
 Emergency Situations
Steering Failure
Use of Engines
Utilization of the main engines when no steering
capability is available may be very helpful in changing
the drift direction and speed, or even in stopping the
vessel drifting altogether.
Tests have shown the following:
With full or emergency full stern power it is possible to bring the
stern of a single screw ship up into the weather.

For a tanker with the rudder jammed in a hard over position,

careful ahead maneuvering can keep the ship's head into the
weather.

The effect of propeller revolutions on a free flapping rudder is

such that the rudder will generally go to hard-to-starboard
position with either ahead or astern revolutions and will stay
there as long as the engine revolutions are maintained
 Engine Failure
Use of Anchors
When the ship is in a water depth where the anchor can find
the bottom, use of anchors to arrest the ship should be
attempted. If the bottom is sand or mud, it may be possible
for the ship's movement to be slowed or even arrested by
slowly lowering the anchor until it begins dragging along the
bottom.
For larger vessels, the scope of the anchor cable should be
short at first and then; gradually increased as the ship's
speed decreases.
This action should bring the ship's head into the wind and
slow her speed over the ground.
The chance of success of using anchors on a rocky bottom is
much lower, but nevertheless it should be attempted.
 Use of anchors in an Emergency

All Ships

Standby Anchors. Ensure Anchor party have clear instructions before letting go anchors

If nature of Emergency permits or if time, reduce speed to minimum

Is there sufficient under keel clearance ? IF No Do not use anchors

IE 20% Vessels Maximum loaded draft
Do not use anchors
Is the sea bed clear of obstructions? IF No Except to avoid more
serious damage

Is the nature of Sea Bed likely to Sang or Hang up anchors IF yes

Ships under 30,000DWT 30,000/60,000 DWT Over 60,000DWT

Let go both anchors on The runs, only use anchors if speed Only use anchors if
checking and Veering until vessel stops below 4 knots Speed below 2 knots
Try dragging with both Try dragging with both
anchors (2 x depth) anchors (2 x depth)
If unable to hold veer & check
If unable to hold veer & Cable
Cable if possible
Some risk of losing anchors Probable risk of losing anchors
Only use to prevent serious Danger to anchor party,
damage use to be avoided
 Use of anchors in an Emergency

All Ships

Standby Anchors. Ensure Anchor party have clear instructions before letting go anchors

If nature of Emergency permits or if time, reduce speed to minimum

Is there sufficient under keel clearance ?

IE 20% Vessels Maximum loaded draft IF No Do not use anchors

Do not use anchors

Is the sea bed clear of obstructions? IF No Except to avoid more
serious damage
Is the nature of Sea Bed likely to Sang or Hang up anchors

IF No

Ships under 30,000DWT 30,000/60,000 DWT Over 60,000DWT

Max speed 8 kts Max. speed 6kts Max. Speed 3kts

Let go both anchors, check at (2 x Depth), drag until stopped

Only put out more chain if unable to prevent grounding