Structural Analysis & Design I

Wind Load
Building Codes
UBC
BNBC
Factors related to wind load
Basic wind speed (VB)
Exposure Category (A,B,C)
Pressure Co-efficient (Cp)
Structural Importance Co-efficient (Ci)
Combine height and Exposure Co-efficient (Cz)
Wind Gust Effect (CG )
 Structural Analysis & Design I
Wind load
Terrain Exposure

Structural Analysis & Design I

Structural Analysis & Design I
Structural Analysis & Design I
Structural Analysis & Design I
Structural Analysis & Design I
Structural Analysis & Design I
Structural Analysis & Design I
 Structural Analysis & Design I
Problem: Calculate the design load of the following
building. Rectangular (72X48m). Hospital building 6
storied building. Storey height= 3m. City Chittagong.
Solution:
Basic wind speed, Vb= 260 Km/hr (T 6.2.8)

6@ 3m=18m
Exposure = A Wind
Sustained wind pressure qz= CcCiCzVb^2
Cc=47.2x10^-6 (Sec 2.4.6.2)
Elevation
Ci= 1.25 (T- 6.2.9)
qz= 47.2x10^-6x1.25x260^2xCz
= 3.9884 Cz kN/m^2 Wind

9@ 8m=72m
Design wind pressure, pz = CG Cp qz
Gust coefficient factor, CG=GH (for non-slender
building)
For h= 18m , GH= 1.388 (T-6.2.11) 6@8m=48m
Plan
 Structural Analysis & Design I
Pressure Coefficient, Cp= f (h/B, L/B) wind from Y direction, B=72
h/B=18/72=0.25 < 5,
L/B= 48/72= 0.667
For h/B=0.25, L/B=0.667, Cp= 1.543
Pz = 1.388x1.543x3.9884 Cz
= 8.542 Cz kN/m^2 (Table 6.2.10)

Ht above
ground Cz pz=8.542Cz Az F=pzAz
18 0.677 5.782934 12 69.395208
15 0.624 5.330208 24 127.924992
12 0.565 4.82623 24 115.82952
9 0.497 4.245374 24 101.888976
6 0.415 3.54493 24 85.07832
3 0.368 3.143456 24 75.442944
 Structural Analysis & Design I
Pressure Coefficient, Cp= f (h/B, L/B) wind from X direction, B=48
h/B=18/48=0.375< 5
L/B= 72/48= 1.5
For h/B = 0.375, L/B =1.5, Cp = 1.275
Pz = 1.388 x1.275 x 3.9884 Cz
= 7.0583 Cz kN/m^2 (Table 6.2.10)
Ht above
Ground Cz Pz=8.542Cz Az P=PzAz
18 0.677 4.778469 12 57.34163
15 0.624 4.404379 24 105.7051
12 0.565 3.98794 24 95.71055
9 0.497 3.507975 24 84.1914
6 0.415 2.929195 24 70.30067
3 0.368 2.597454 24 62.33891
Structural Analysis & Design I
 Structural Analysis & Design I
Earthquake
An earthquake is a phenomenon during which
strong vibrations occur in the ground due to release of
huge energy within a short period of time causing
sudden disturbance in the earths crust on the upper
mantle.
In other words it be defined as a sudden
transient motion or series of motions of the ground
originating in a limited region and spreading there in
all direction during an earthquake, the ground motions
cause structures to vibrate and induce inertial forces
on them.
 Structural Analysis & Design I

Inside the Earth

Inner Core
(radius -1290 km)
Outer Core
(thickness -2200 km),
Mantle
(thickness -2900 km)
Crust
(thickness -5 to 40 km).
 Structural Analysis & Design I
Causes Earthquakes
This sliding of Earth's
mass takes place in
pieces called
Tectonic Plates.
The surface
of the Earth
consists of seven
major tectonic plates
and many smaller ones
 Requirement for structural Drawing

Most earthquakes in the

world occur along the
boundaries of the tectonic
plates and are called
Inter-plate Earthquakes
(1897 Assam (India)
earthquake)
Structural Analysis & Design I
 Requirement for structural Drawing

Magnitude of an
earthquake is a
measure of its size.

Intensity is an
indicator of the severity
of shaking generated at
a given location
Structural Analysis & Design I
 Structural Analysis & Design I

Structural configurations (BNBC 2015, Ch-1,

page 6-9)
Regular structure
Irregular structure
Vertical
Plan
 Structural Analysis & Design I

Structural analysis
Select structural system
(BNBC-2015,ch-1, page 6-7)
Bearing wall
Building frame
Moment resisting frame
(no shear wall)
Dual system
Moment resisting frame
SMRF, IMRF, OMRF
Structural Analysis & Design I
 Structural Analysis & Design I

Design Philosophy
Strong Columns week beam

Earthquake Philosophy
Earthquake proof buildings
Earthquake resistance
 Structural Analysis & Design I

Seismic Design Methods:

Equivalent static force method

Dynamic response method

Ground motion method

Response spectrum method
Time history analysis
 Structural Analysis & Design I
Equivalent static force method
Design base shear
ZIC
V W
R

Z = Seismic zone coefficient

I = Structural importance factor
R = Response modification coefficient
W = Seismic dead load
C = Numerical coefficient given by
1.25S
C
T2/3

S = Site coefficient for soil characteristics

T = Fundamental period of vibration in second
 Calculation of EQ force

Structural period
T = Ct (hn)
Ct = 0.083 for steel moment resisting frames to
level n.
= 0.073 for reinforced concrete moment resisting
frames
= 0.049 for all other structural systems
hn = Height in meters above the base to level n.
Structural Analysis & Design I
Structural Analysis & Design I
Structural Analysis & Design I
Structural Analysis & Design I
 Structural Analysis & Design I
Vertical distribution of EQ force
n
V Ft Fi
i 1

Ft = 0.07 TV 0.25 V
when T > 0.7 second
Ft = 0.0
when T 0.7 second
(V Ft )w x hx
Fx n
w ihi
i 1
 Structural Analysis & Design I

Considerations for EQ Analysis

Selection of lateral force resisting system.

Check irregularities of structure.
Occupancy type of structure.
Location of structure in seismic zoning map.
Subsoil characteristics
 Structural Analysis & Design I
Problem: Calculate the distribution of EQ force on the
20 storied office building shown in figure. Location-
Dhaka. Soil soft to medium stiff clay. DL including
partition= 12 kN/sq-m. structural type SMRF.
Soln
ZIC
V W
R 20 @ 3m=60m
Zone factor (Z)= 0.15
Standard Occupancy (I)= 1
Response Modification coefficient =12
(SMRF)
W= 12x24x24x20 KN 24 m
= 138240 KN
24 m
C=1.25*S/T^(3/4)
S= 1.5 (Soil type soft to medium stiff)
 Structural Analysis & Design I

T=Ct (hn)^3/4
Ct=0.073 (reinforced concrete moment resisting
hn= 60 m
T= 0.073*60^(3/4)
=1.57 sec
C= (1.25x1.5)/1.57^(2/3)= 1.388 < 2.75
C/R= 1.388/12= 0.116> 0.075
V=(0.15*1*1.388/12) *138240
= 2398.46 KN
 Structural Analysis & Design I

Vertical Distribution of lateral

n
load
T> 0.7 sec V Ft Fi
i 1
Ft= 0.07TV= 0.07*1.57*2398.46=263.6 KN
Here Ft< 0.25V
Wx (For each floor)= 12x24x24= 12*576 KN
(V Ft )w x hx
Fx n
w ihi
i 1

= (2398.46-263.6)*hx/( 3+6+9+.........+60)
= 2134.86hx/630
=3.39hx
Structural Analysis & Design I
Floor Ht (m) Fx=3.39hx(kN)
20 60 203.4
19 57 193.23
18 54 183.06
17 51 172.89
16 48 162.72
15 45 152.55
14 42 142.38
13 39 132.21
12 36 122.04
11 33 111.87
10 30 101.7
9 27 91.53
8 24 81.36
7 21 71.19
6 18 61.02
5 15 50.85
4 12 40.68
3 9 30.51
2 6 20.34
1 3 10.17
2135.7
 Structural Analysis & Design I

Assignment -1
Calculate the vertical distribution of earthquake forces
for a 24 m high 8 storied hospital building with equal
story height for Dhaka city. The structural system
SMRF in steel (R= 12). The building will be 30 m X 30
m in plan. Use equivalent static force method as per
BNBC.
Give data : Dead load = 7 kn/m^2 for each floor,
partition wall load= 3 kN/m^2 for each floor. Z=0.15 ,
I=1.25, site coefficient, s= 1.5, Ct= 0.083, c < 2.75 and
C/R> 0.075
Date of Submission : 5-2-2017
Structural Analysis & Design I
Structural Analysis & Design I
 Requirement for structural Drawing
Structural analysis
Design Philosophy, Earthquake
Select the size and direction of different
structural elements and fix load transfer
mechanism/direction
Columns
Beams (BNBC 2015,
Ch-6,Table 6.2.5.1)
Slabs
Partition walls
(Outer wall 10)
Shear walls
 Requirement for structural Drawing

Structural analysis
Load
DL (Structural element, Partition wall)
LL (BNBC 2015, Ch-2, Table 6.2.3)
OWT and lift machine room
Wind load (BNBC 2015, Ch-2)
Exposure
Location
Earthquake load (BNBC 2015, Ch-2)
Response modification factor, R
Building period (T sec)
Zone coefficient
 Requirement for structural Drawing

Structural analysis
Hand calculation of a column capacity
Slab
(DL+LL+FF+Pwall)

Beam

Column
 Requirement for structural Drawing
Prepare ETABS model
Load combination (BNBC Ch 2, sec 2.7)
Structural analysis using ETABS
Check ETABS Model
Displacement (BNBC Sec 1.5.6.2)
Torsion irregularity (BNBC Sec 2.5.5.3.1)
Over turning moment
Drift (BNBC Ch-1 sec1.5.6), load/sft
Compare ETABS result with hand calculation
(one or two columns reaction, wind and
earthquake load)
Requirement for Preparation of structural Drawing
Interpret ETABS analysis result

Design
Slab, beam, stair, OWT, Machine room,
grade beam and column
Column reinforcement more than 4% change
increase column section.
Compare beam reinforcement with minimum
and maximum steel (BNBC 2015, Ch-6, Sec
6.3.5)
 Preparation
of structural drawing (Mid-height building)
Requirement for Preparation of structural Drawing

Detailing (BNBC Ch.8)

Columns
Beams
Prepare structural drawing of slab, beam,
stair, OWT, Machine room, grade beam and
column
 Preparation
of structural drawing (Mid-height building)
Requirement for Preparation of structural Drawing

Read and understand soil test report

Determine BC of soil or pile capacity

Foundation Design
Shallow (Footing)
Isolated
Combined
Deep foundation (Pile)
Pile cap
2 pile
3 pile
4 pile
 Workshop for the preparation
of structural drawing (Mid-height building)
Slab (Corner reinforcement)
 Workshop for the preparation
of structural drawing (Mid-height building)
Requirement for Preparation of structural Drawing
Beam (Moment)
 Workshop for the preparation
of structural drawing (Mid-height building)
Requirement for Preparation of structural Drawing
Beam
 Workshop for the preparation
of structural drawing (Mid-height building)
 Workshop for the preparation
of structural drawing (Mid-height building)
Column
 Workshop for the preparation
of structural drawing (Mid-height building)