FIRE SAFETY TRAINING

DOMESTIC ARRANGEMENTS

As a courtesy to others please.

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CONTROL OF FIRE CONSTRUCTION,
COMPARTMENTATION, OPENING
PROTECTIVES, FIRE STOPPING AND
INTERIOR FINISHES

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AIM

To ensure delegates are furnished with the necessary knowledge and

understanding of

Various building construction types

Compartmentation methodology

Opening protection measures

Fire stopping

Interior finish criteria's

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CONTROL OF FIRE

Construction

Compartmentation

Opening
Control of Fire Protectives

Fire Stop

Interior Finish
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CONSTRUCTION CLASSIFICATIONS

A well-established means of codifying the performance of a

buildings structural elements during a fire is to classify them by

types of construction, based on the materials used for the
structural elements and the degree of fire resistance afforded by
each element.

A buildings structural integrity during a fire is directly related to

the fire resistance of its structural components.

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FIRE RESISTANCE RATING

A fire resistive rating (FRR) is given in minutes or

hours and relates to how long it takes to burn through

a given material.

Expressions like 2-hour fire resistive rating or 2-

hour fire wall relate to the length of time it takes to

burn through types of building materials.

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 VARIOUS TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION

As per NFPA
NON COMBUSTIBLES
Type I (443) Type II (222)
Type I (332) Type II (111)
Type II (000)
COMBUSTIBLES
Type III (211) Type IV (2HH) Type V (111)
Type III (200) Type V (000)

As per UAE FC - 2011

NON COMBUSTIBLES

Type A Type B Type C Type D

1 hr 2 hr 3 hr 4 hr

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 VARIOUS TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION

Type I though Type V

Type I, Fire Resistive: Consists of precast concrete slabs supported by precast columns
and precast girders.

Type II, Noncombustible: The weight bearers are generally steel beams and girders. (If
the building is Type II (000), the beams and girders are all unprotected steel.)

Type III, Ordinary: Can consist of a mix of materials, including wood and concrete.

Type IV, Heavy Timber: Construction using heavy timber. To qualify as heavy timber, a
wood member must meet a certain thickness requirement.

Type V, Wood Frame: All-wood construction.

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TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION - DETAILS
DETERMINING THE TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION

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DETERMINING THE TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION

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TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION LOUVRE BUILDING
TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION

Assignment 4 - Identify the type of construction

CONSTRUCTION AND COMPARTMENTATION

Managing the spread of a fire from the room of origin, or

between floors in a building, is an important consideration.

Managing the spread of fire through the construction of barriers

designed to limit the transfer of heat, smoke, and, in some
cases, both, is achieved by compartmentation.

Lack of compartmentation and rapid fire development have

been significant factors in numerous multiple-fatality fires.

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ACHIEVING COMPARTMENTATION

Fire Walls

Fire Barrier Walls

Smoke Barriers

Smoke Partitions

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ACHIEVING COMPARTMENTATION

Fire Walls

A structurally independent wall separating buildings or subdividing a building to

prevent the spread of fire and having a fire resistance rating and structural
stability. Incase of any fire the buildings on both sides may collapse, but the fire
wall will be standing there without any damage.

Fire Barrier Walls

A wall, other than a fire wall, having a fire resistance rating.

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ACHIEVING COMPARTMENTATION

Smoke Barriers

For the purposes of this standard, a continuous membrane, either vertical or

horizontal, such as a wall, floor, or ceiling assembly, that is designed and
constructed to restrict the movement of smoke in conjunction with a smoke
control system.

Smoke Partition

A continuous membrane that is designed to form a barrier to limit the transfer of

smoke.

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 COMPARTMENTATION - COMPARISON
FIRE BARRIER
Shall have 1/2 to 3 hour fire
resistant construction
enclosures for shafts, exit access
stairways, exit access ramps,
interior exit ramps, exit
passageway walls, isolating
hazardous areas, and separating
occupancies
Shall be continuous to the floor /
roof deck above
Fire protection rated dampers are
required in ducts that penetrate
fire barriers with a fire resistance
greater than one hour
Do not necessarily make an
effective smoke barrier
SMOKE BARRIER
Shall be one hour fire resistant
construction (with the exception of
some atrium separation walls)
wall assemblies, vertical shafts,
and vestibules; constructed in the
same manner as the equivalent
fire barriers
Shall be continuous from outside
wall to outside wall; must continue
to the floor / roof deck above
Requires smoke (not fire/smoke)
dampers for ducted and unducted
openings, unless the ducted
opening only serves one smoke
compartment
Restricts the movement of smoke
SMOKE PARTITION
Does not need to be one hour fire
resistant construction
Shall extend from the floor to the
underside of the floor or roof deck
above; can stop at a ceiling that
limits the transfer of smoke
Only requires smoke dampers for
unducted air transfer openings
Limits the transfer of smoke (are
not as substantial as smoke
barriers) 19
ROOMS REQUIRING FIRE SEPARATION

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OPENING PROTECTIVES

Various Openings

Openings in the walls

Openings in the floor / roof

E.g.: Vertical Openings such as elevator shafts, staircase

enclosure, garbage chutes, escalator openings and
horizontal openings such as door windows etc

Need for the protection of openings

Openings shall be protected to limit the spread of fire and restrict the
movement of smoke from one side to the other.

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OPENING PROTECTIVES

Various Opening Protectives

Vertical Openings

Enclosure by fire barrier walls, smoke barriers etc

Horizontal Openings

Fire rated doors, fire rated windows etc

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OPENING PROTECTIVES

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OPENING PROTECTIVES

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OPENING PROTECTIVES

Vertical Openings

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OPENING PROTECTIVES
Horizontal Openings

All the horizontal openings such as doors, windows , shutter

etc.. shall be automatic closing or self closing.

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EXAMPLE
Assignment 4 - Identify the rooms requiring separation
and opening protectives

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PENETRATIONS

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PENETRATIONS

Penetrations for cables , cable trays , conduits , pipes, tubes, combustion

vents and exhaust vents, wires, and similar items to accommodate
electrical, mechanical, plumbing, and communications systems that pass
through a wall, floor, or floor/ceiling assembly constructed as a fire barrier
shall be protected by a firestop system or device.

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PENETRATIONS
The firestop system or device shall be tested in accordance with
ASTM E 814, Standard Test Method for Fire Tests of Through
Penetration Fire Stops, or ANSI/UL 1479, Standard for Fire Tests
of Through-Penetration Firestops, at a minimum positive pressure
differential of 0.01 in. water column (2.5 N/m2) between the
exposed and the unexposed surface of the test assembly.

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 PENETRATIONS

Ducts and Air Transfer Openings

Ventilation ducts and air transfer openings

that penetrate the fire rated barrier wall, fire
wall and smoke barrier shall be provided
with fire rated dampers

Fire Dampers shall be required in

Ducts penetrating walls and floors having fire

resistance rating
Air transfer opening penetrating walls of 30
min or more fire resistance rating and floors.

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PENETRATIONS
Fire Rating of the Damper

Fire Dampers shall not be required in

Ducts penetrating walls and floors having no fire resistance rating.

Ducts systems serving only one floor and used only of exhaust to outside
and not penetrating any wall
If the ducts are of fire rated construction
In fire pump room
Standby generator room
Kitchen exhaust ducts

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PENETRATIONS
Fire Dampers shall not be required in

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PENETRATIONS
Fire Dampers Testing

Fire dampers shall be designed and tested in accordance with the

requirements of UL 555 or EN 1366-2, Standard for Fire Dampers

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CONTENTS AND FURNISHING
Any movable objects in a building that normally are secured or otherwise
put in place for functional reasons, excluding (1) parts of the internal
structure of the building, and (2) any items meeting the definition of interior
finish.

All the contents and furnishing shall be tested in accordance with NFPA
701, Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Flame Propagation of Textiles and
Films.

Upholstered Furniture

Shall meet Class I when tested in accordance with NFPA 260, Standard
Methods of Tests and Classification System for Cigarette Ignition
Resistance of Components of Upholstered Furniture.
or
Mocked-up composites of the upholstered furniture shall have a char
length not exceeding 1 in. (38 mm) when tested in accordance with
NFPA 261, Standard Method of Test for Determining Resistance of
Mock-Up Upholstered Furniture Material Assemblies to Ignition by
Smoldering Cigarettes. 35
CONTENTS AND FURNISHING

Mattress

16 CFR 1632, Standard for the Flammability of Mattresses and

Mattress Pads (FF 4-72).

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INTERIOR FINISH

The exposed surfaces of walls, ceilings, and floors within buildings.

The materials that are applied directly on the wall, ceilings and floor
having a thickness more than 0.9mm is considered as interior finish.

Fixed or movable walls and partitions, paneling, wall pads, and crash
pads applied structurally or for decoration, acoustical correction, surface
insulation, or other purposes shall be considered interior finish and shall
not be considered decorations or furnishings.

Interior Finish

Wall Finish Ceiling Finish Floor Finish

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INTERIOR FINISH OCCUPANCY REQUIREMENTS

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INTERIOR FINISH OCCUPANCY REQUIREMENTS

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