ELCTROSTATIC PRINCIPLE :-

An electrostatic precipitator (ESP) is an device

that removes dust particles from a flowing gas
(such as air) using the force of an induced
electrostatic attraction (i.e, like charges repel;
unlike charges attract)

Electrostatic precipitators are highly efficient

filtration devices that allow the flow of gases
through the device, and can easily remove fine
particulate matter such as dust and smoke from
the air stream.
COMPONENTS USED IN ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR

Electrodes
440V 50HZ 3 AC supply
High voltage transformer
Rectifier
insulators
Hooper
 BASIC DIAGRAM OF AN ELECTROSTATIC PRECITATOR
20 80 KV dc

440V, 50Hz

Clean gas

Discharge
electrode

Control cabinet High voltage Rectifier Dust gas Collector

transformer electrode

Hooper
Control cabinet
Control cabinet is used to interconnect the 3 ac supply and
transformer through wires.

Transformer

Transformer is used to step up or step down the voltage as

per the design of Electrostatic precipitator.

Rectifier
Rectifier is used to convert the given ac supply into dc supply.

Hooper
Hooper is used to store the dust particles and ash content
coming out from the Electrostatic precipitator.
 Electrodes : -
Collector
Based on DC current flow terminals electrodes
elctrodes can be divided as below:-
Discharge
Discharge electrode :- electrode

Electrodes wire which carries negatively

charged high voltage (between 20 to
80KV) act as discharge or emitting
electrodes.

Collector electrode :-

Electrode wire which carries positively

charged high voltage act as
Collecting electrodes.
WORKING OF ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR
Stage - 1
Several things happen very rapidly (in a matter of a millisecond) in the small area
around the discharge electrode. Electric field is emerged due to dc terminal
arrangement. The applied (-) voltage in discharge electrode is increased until it
produces a corona discharge, which can be seen as a luminous blue glow around
the discharge Electrode.

Due to the formation of corona discharge,

free electrons are emitted with high
velocity from discharge electrode.

This fast moving free electrons strikes the

gas molecule thus emission of free
electron from gas molecules takes place.
The positive ion molecule move towards
discharge electrode by electrostatic
attraction

As a result using gas molecule more

free electrons are emitted near the
discharge electrode.
Stage - 2
As the electrons leave the strong
electrical field area around the
discharge electrode, they start
slowing down. This free electron
again strikes the gas molecule but
this time they are captured by gas
molecule and became negatively
charged ion.

As the gas molecule are negatively

ionized they move towards the (+)
electrode (i.e., collector electrode).

This negative gas ion fills the space

of Dust particle and becoming
negatively charged particle.

This particle are captured by

collector electrode using
electrostatic attraction.
ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR
Product Brief.
Safety.
Start Up & Shutdown Practices.
Routine Operations (Checks).
DOs & DON'Ts.
Troubleshooting Guide.
Product Brief
The electrostatic precipitation process consists of
three fundamental steps :
(1) particle charging,
(2) particle collection,
(3) removal of the collected dust. Particle charging in
practical precipitators is accomplished by means of a
corona,
Working of Electrostatic Precipitators
 Particle charging:
The ve charges of ions and free electrons move towards +ve
electrodes and the +ve charges of ions move towards ve
electrodes.
When ve ions travel towards +ve electrodes, the ve charges
get attached to the dust particles and thus the dust particles
are electrically charged
Generation of a corona requires the
development of a highly non uniform electric field - a condition that occurs
near the electrode when a high voltage is applied to the emitting electrodes. The
electric field near the emitting electrode accelerates electrons present in the
gas to velocities sufficient to cause ionization of the gas in the region near the
electrode.
The ions produced as a result of the corona migrates toward the collection
electrode and in the process collide with and become attached to
particles suspended in the gas stream. The attachment of ions results in the
buildup of an electric charge, the
magnitude of which is determined by the number of ions attached.
Construction and Working of Electrostatic
Precipitators
 Emitting Electrodes
It is made of rigid ERW tube (IS 3601) with staggered
pins welded to it. It is patented as eTubes . The
sharp
edges provide excellent property for discharge of
electrons.
The Emitting electrode possesses excellent
performance characteristics for a wide range of
applications