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Planning
(MRP I)
Demand Patterns
2000 2000
Order Order
1500 1000 on 1500
1000 on
day 3 day 8
Bicycles
Rims
1000 1000
500 500
Reorder point
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
0 0
1 5 10 1 5 10
Day Day
(a) (b)
Figure1.1
Material Requirements
Plan Output
Authorized Other
master production sources
schedule of demand
Engineering
Inventory Inventory MRP Bills of
and process
transactions records explosion materials
designs
Material
requirements
plan
Figure 1.2
MRP II Figure 1.15
Bills of materials
MRP Inventory records
Routings
explosion Inventory transactions
Time standards
Cost and
Manufacturing resource plan
financial data
Back Front
legs legs A
Ladder-back
chair
Figure 1.3
Bill of Materials
A
Ladder-back
chair
J (4)
Seat-frame
boards
Figure 1.3
Master Production Schedule
April May
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Aggregate
production plan 670 670
for chair family
Figure 1.4
Inventory Record Figure 1.5
Week
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Gross
requirements 150 0 0 120 0 150 120 0
Scheduled
receipts 230 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Projected
on-hand 37
inventory
Planned
receipts
Planned order
releases
Inventory Record Figure 1.5
Week
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Gross
requirements 150 0 0 120 0 150 120 0
Scheduled
receipts 230 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Projected
on-hand 37
inventory
Planned
receipts Explanation:
Gross requirements are the total demand for
Planned order
the two chairs. Projected on-hand inventory
releases
in week 1 is 37 + 230 150
Inventory Record Figure 1.5
Week
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Gross
requirements 150 0 0 120 0 150 120 0
Scheduled
receipts 230 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Projected
on-hand 37 117
inventory
Planned
receipts Explanation:
Gross requirements are the total demand for
Planned order
the two chairs. Projected on-hand inventory
releases
in week 1 is 37 + 230 150 = 117 units.
Inventory Record Figure 1.5
Week
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Gross
requirements 150 0 0 120 0 150 120 0
Scheduled
receipts 230 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Projected
on-hand 37 117
inventory
Planned
receipts
Planned order
releases
Inventory Record Figure 1.5
Week
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Gross
requirements 150 0 0 120 0 150 120 0
Scheduled
receipts 230 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Projected
on-hand 37 117
inventory
Planned
receipts Scheduled
Projected on-hand Inventory on Gross
or planned
inventory balance
Planned order = hand at end of + receipts in requirements
at end of week t week t - 1 in week t
releases week t
Inventory Record Figure 1.5
Week
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Gross
requirements 150 0 0 120 0 150 120 0
Scheduled
receipts 230 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Projected
on-hand 37 117 117 117 3 3 153 273 273
inventory
Planned
receipts Scheduled
Projected on-hand Inventory on Gross
or planned
inventory balance
Planned order = hand at end of + receipts in requirements
releases at end of week t week t - 1
week t
in week t
Planned Orders Figure 1.6
Explanation:
Item: C
Without a new order in week 4, Lot Size: 230 units
Description: Seat subassembly Lead Time: 2 weeks
there will be a shortage of three
units: 117 + 0 + 0 120 = 3 Week
units.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Gross
requirements 150 0 0 120 0 150 120 0
Scheduled
receipts 230 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Projected
on-hand 37 117 117 117 3 3 153 273 273
inventory
Planned
receipts
Planned order
releases
Planned Orders Figure 1.6
Week
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Gross
requirements 150 0 0 120 0 150 120 0
Scheduled
receipts 230 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Projected
on-hand 37 117 117 117
inventory
Planned
receipts
Planned order
releases
Planned Orders Figure 1.6
Explanation:
Item: C Lot Size: 230 units
Adding the planned
Description: receipt
Seat subassembly Lead Time: 2 weeks
brings the balance to
Week
117 + 0 + 230 120 = 227 units.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Gross
requirements 150 0 0 120 0 150 120 0
Scheduled
receipts 230 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Projected
on-hand 37 117 117 117 227
inventory
Planned
230
receipts
Planned order
releases
Planned Orders Figure 1.6
Explanation:
Item: C Lot Size: 230 units
Adding the planned
Description: receipt
Seat subassembly Lead Time: 2 weeks
brings the balance to
Week
117 + 0 + 230 120 = 227 units.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Gross
requirements 150 0 0 120 0 150 120 0
Scheduled
receipts 230 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Projected
on-hand 37 117 117 117 227
inventory
Planned
230
receipts
Planned order
releases
Planned Orders Figure 1.6
Explanation:
Item: C Lot Size: 230 units
Offsetting for Seat
Description: a two-week lead time
subassembly Lead Time: 2 weeks
puts the corresponding planned
Week
order release back to week 2.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Gross
requirements 150 0 0 120 0 150 120 0
Scheduled
receipts 230 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Projected
on-hand 37 117 117 117 227
inventory
Planned
230
receipts
Planned order
230
releases
Planned Orders Figure 1.6
Explanation:
Item: C Lot Size: 230 units
Offsetting for Seat
Description: a two-week lead time
subassembly Lead Time: 2 weeks
puts the corresponding planned
Week
order release back to week 2.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Gross
requirements 150 0 0 120 0 150 120 0
Scheduled
receipts 230 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Projected
on-hand 37 117 117 117 227
inventory
Planned
230
receipts
Planned order
230
releases
Planned Orders Figure 1.6
Explanation:
Item: C Lot Size: 230 units
TheDescription:
first planned
Seat order lasts
subassembly Lead Time: 2 weeks
until week 7, when projected
Week
inventory would drop to 43.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Gross
requirements 150 0 0 120 0 150 120 0
Scheduled
receipts 230 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Projected
on-hand 37 117 117 117 227 227 77 43
inventory
Planned
230
receipts
Planned order
230
releases
Planned Orders Figure 1.6
Explanation:
Item: C Lot Size: 230 units
Adding the second
Description: planned
Seat subassembly Lead Time: 2 weeks
receipt brings the balance to
Week
77 + 0 + 230 120 = 187.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Gross
requirements 150 0 0 120 0 150 120 0
Scheduled
receipts 230 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Projected
on-hand 37 117 117 117 227 227 77
inventory
Planned
230 230
receipts
Planned order
230
releases
Planned Orders Figure 1.6
Explanation:
Item: C Lot Size: 230 units
Adding the second
Description: planned
Seat subassembly Lead Time: 2 weeks
receipt brings the balance to
Week
77 + 0 + 230 120 = 187.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Gross
requirements 150 0 0 120 0 150 120 0
Scheduled
receipts 230 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Projected
on-hand 37 117 117 117 227 227 77 187
inventory
Planned
230 230
receipts
Planned order
230
releases
Planned Orders Figure 1.6
Explanation:
Item: C Lot Size: 230 units
TheDescription:
corresponding planned
Seat subassembly Lead Time: 2 weeks
order release is for week 5.
Week
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Gross
requirements 150 0 0 120 0 150 120 0
Scheduled
receipts 230 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Projected
on-hand 37 117 117 117 227 227 77 187
inventory
Planned
230 230
receipts
Planned order
230 230
releases
Planned Orders Figure 1.6
Week
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Gross
requirements 150 0 0 120 0 150 120 0
Scheduled
receipts 230 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Projected
on-hand 37 117 117 117 227 227 77 187 187
inventory
Planned
230 230
receipts
Planned order
230 230
releases
Lot-Sizing Rules POQ
Item: C Lot Size: P = 3
Description: Seat subassembly Lead Time: 2 weeks
Week
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Gross
requirements 150 120 150 120
Scheduled
receipts 230
Projected
on-hand 37 117 117 117
inventory
Planned
receipts
Planned order
releases
Lot-Sizing Rules POQ
Item: C Lot Size: P = 3
POQ Gross
Description: Seat requirements
subassembly Lead Time: 2 weeks
Inventory at
lot = for weeks end of week 3
size 4, 5, and 6 Week
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Gross
requirements 150 120 150 120
Scheduled
receipts 230
Projected
on-hand 37 117 117 117
inventory
Planned
receipts
Planned order
releases
Lot-Sizing Rules POQ
Item: C Lot Size: P = 3
Description: Seat subassembly Lead Time: 2 weeks
Week
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Gross
requirements 150 120 150 120
Scheduled
receipts 230
Projected
on-hand 37 117 117 117
inventory
Planned
receipts
Planned order
releases
Lot-Sizing Rules POQ
Item: C Lot Size: P = 3
Description: Seat subassembly Lead Time: 2 weeks
(120 + 0 + 150)
Week
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Gross
requirements 150 120 150 120
Scheduled
receipts 230
Projected
on-hand 37 117 117 117
inventory
Planned
receipts
Planned order
releases
Lot-Sizing Rules POQ
Item: C Lot Size: P = 3
Description: Seat subassembly Lead Time: 2 weeks
(120 + 0 + 150) 117
Week
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Gross
requirements 150 120 150 120
Scheduled
receipts 230
Projected
on-hand 37 117 117 117
inventory
Planned
receipts
Planned order
releases
Lot-Sizing Rules POQ
Item: C Lot Size: P = 3
Description: Seat subassembly Lead Time: 2 weeks
(120 + 0 + 150) 117 = 153 units
Week
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Gross
requirements 150 120 150 120
Scheduled
receipts 230
Projected
on-hand 37 117 117 117
inventory
Planned
153
receipts
Planned order
releases
Lot-Sizing Rules POQ
Item: C Lot Size: P = 3
Description: Seat subassembly Lead Time: 2 weeks
(120 + 0 + 150) 117 = 153 units
Week
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Gross
requirements 150 120 150 120
Scheduled
receipts 230
Projected
on-hand 37 117 117 117
inventory
Planned
153
receipts
Planned order
releases
Lot-Sizing Rules POQ
Item: C Lot Size: P = 3
Description: Seat subassembly Lead Time: 2 weeks
(120 + 0 + 150) 117 = 153 units
Week
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Gross
requirements 150 120 150 120
Scheduled
receipts 230
Projected
on-hand 37 117 117 117 150
inventory
Planned
153
receipts
Planned order
releases
Lot-Sizing Rules POQ
Item: C Lot Size: P = 3
Description: Seat subassembly Lead Time: 2 weeks
(120 + 0 + 150) 117 = 153 units
Week
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Gross
requirements 150 120 150 120
Scheduled
receipts 230
Projected
on-hand 37 117 117 117 150
inventory
Planned
153
receipts
Planned order
153
releases
Lot-Sizing Rules POQ
Item: C Lot Size: P = 3
Description: Seat subassembly Lead Time: 2 weeks
(120 + 0) 0 = 120 units
Week
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Gross
requirements 150 120 150 120
Scheduled
receipts 230
Projected
on-hand 37 117 117 117 150 150 0 0 0
inventory
Planned
153 120
receipts
Planned order
153 120
releases
Lot-Sizing Rules POQ
Item: C Lot Size: P = 3
Description: Seat subassembly Lead Time: 2 weeks
Week
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Gross
requirements 150 120 150 120
Scheduled
receipts 230
Projected
on-hand 37 117 117 117 150 150 0 0 0
inventory
Planned
153 120
receipts
Planned order
153 120
releases
Lot-Sizing Rules POQ Figure 1.7
Lot-Sizing Rules L4L
Item: C Lot Size: L4L
Description: Seat subassembly Lead Time: 2 weeks
Week
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Gross
requirements 150 120 150 120
Scheduled
receipts 230
Projected
on-hand 37 117 117 117
inventory
Planned
receipts
Planned order
releases
Lot-Sizing Rules L4L
Item: C Lot Size: L4L
L4L
Description:Gross
Seat subassembly Lead Time: 2 weeks
lot = requirements
in week 4 Inventory balance
at end of week 3
size Week
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Gross
requirements 150 120 150 120
Scheduled
receipts 230
Projected
on-hand 37 117 117 117
inventory
Planned
receipts
Planned order
releases
Lot-Sizing Rules L4L
Item: C Lot Size: L4L
L4L
Description: Seat subassembly Lead Time: 2 weeks
lot = 120 117 = 3
size Week
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Gross
requirements 150 120 150 120
Scheduled
receipts 230
Projected
on-hand 37 117 117 117
inventory
Planned
receipts
Planned order
releases
Lot-Sizing Rules L4L
Item: C Lot Size: L4L
L4L
Description: Seat subassembly Lead Time: 2 weeks
lot = 120 117 = 3
size Week
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Gross
requirements 150 120 150 120
Scheduled
receipts 230
Projected
on-hand 37 117 117 117
inventory
Planned
3
receipts
Planned order
releases
Lot-Sizing Rules L4L
Item: C Lot Size: L4L
L4L
Description: Seat subassembly Lead Time: 2 weeks
lot = 120 117 = 3
size Week
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Gross
requirements 150 120 150 120
Scheduled
receipts 230
Projected
on-hand 37 117 117 117 0
inventory
Planned
3
receipts
Planned order
3
releases
Lot-Sizing Rules L4L
Item: C Lot Size: L4L
Description: Seat subassembly Lead Time: 2 weeks
Week
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Gross
requirements 150 120 150 120
Scheduled
receipts 230
Projected
on-hand 37 117 117 117 0 0 0
inventory
Planned
3
receipts
Planned order
3
releases
Lot-Sizing Rules L4L
Item: C Lot Size: L4L
Description: Seat subassembly Lead Time: 2 weeks
Week
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Gross
requirements 150 120 150 120
Scheduled
receipts 230
Projected
on-hand 37 117 117 117 0 0 0
inventory
Planned
3 150
receipts
Planned order
3 150
releases
Lot-Sizing Rules L4L
Item: C Lot Size: L4L
Description: Seat subassembly Lead Time: 2 weeks
Week
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Gross
requirements 150 120 150 120
Scheduled
receipts 230
Projected
on-hand 37 117 117 117 0 0 0 0
inventory
Planned
3 150 120
receipts
Planned order
3 150 120
releases
Lot-Sizing Rules L4L
Item: C Lot Size: L4L
Description: Seat subassembly Lead Time: 2 weeks
Week
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Gross
requirements 150 120 150 120
Scheduled
receipts 230
Projected
on-hand 37 117 117 117 0 0 0 0 0
inventory
Planned
3 150 120
receipts
Planned order
3 150 120
releases
Lot-Sizing Rules L4L Figure 1.8
Lot-Sizing Rule Comparison
The FOQ rule generates high average
inventory because it creates remnants.
The POQ rule reduces
average on-hand inventory
because it does a better
job of matching order
quantity to requirements.
The L4L rule minimizes
inventory investment
but maximizes the number of orders placed.
Safety Stock Figure 1.9
MRP Outputs
MRP
explosion
Figure 1.10
Bill of Materials
C (1)
Seat
subassembly
H (1) I (1)
Seat Seat
frame cushion
J (4)
Seat-frame
Figure 1.11 boards
MRP Explosion
Item: Seat subassembly
Lot size: 230 units
Week
Lead
time: 2 weeks 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Gross
requirements 150 0 0 120 0 150 120 0
Scheduled
receipts 230 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Projected
on-hand 37 117 117 117 227 227 77 187 187
inventory
Planned
230 230
receipts
Planned order
230 230
releases
Figure 1.12
MRP Explosion
Item: Seat subassembly
Lot size: 230 units
Week
Lead
time: 2 weeks 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Gross
150 0 0 120 0 150 120 0
requirements
Planned
230 230
receipts
Planned
order 230 230
releases
Figure 1.12
MRP Explosion Item: Seat subassembly
Lot size: 230 units
Week
Lead
time: 2 weeks 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Gross
150 0 0 120 0 150 120 0
requirements
Planned
230 230
receipts
Planned
order 230 230
releases
Week Week
Lead Lead
time: 1 week 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 time: 1 week 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Gross Gross
requirements requirements
Scheduled Scheduled
0 300 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
receipts receipts
Projected Projected
on-hand 40 on-hand 0
inventory inventory
Planned Planned
receipts receipts
Planned Planned
order order
releases releases
Figure 16.12
MRP Explosion Item: Seat subassembly
Lot size: 230 units
Week
Lead
time: 2 weeks 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Gross
150 0 0 120 0 150 120 0
requirements
Planned
230 230
receipts
Planned
order 230 230
releases
Week Week
Lead Lead
time: 1 week 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 time: 1 week 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Gross Gross
0 230 0 230
requirements requirements
Scheduled Scheduled
0 300 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
receipts receipts
Projected Projected
on-hand 40 on-hand 0
inventory inventory
Planned Planned
receipts receipts
Planned Planned
order order
releases releases
Figure 16.12
MRP Explosion Item: Seat subassembly
Lot size: 230 units
Week
Lead
time: 2 weeks 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Gross
150 0 0 120 0 150 120 0
requirements
Planned
230 230
receipts
Planned
order 230 230
releases
Week Week
Lead Lead
time: 1 week 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 time: 1 week 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Gross Gross
0 230 0 0 230 0 230 0 0 230
requirements requirements
Scheduled Scheduled
0 300 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
receipts receipts
Projected Projected
on-hand 40 on-hand 0
inventory inventory
Planned Planned
receipts receipts
Planned Planned
order order
releases releases
Figure 16.12
MRP Explosion Item: Seat subassembly
Lot size: 230 units
Week
Lead
time: 2 weeks 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Gross
150 0 0 120 0 150 120 0
requirements
Planned
230 230
receipts
Planned
order 230 230
releases
Week Week
Lead Lead
time: 1 week 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 time: 1 week 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Gross Gross
0 230 0 0 230 0 0 0 0 230 0 0 230 0 0 0
requirements requirements
Scheduled Scheduled
0 300 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
receipts receipts
Projected Projected
on-hand 40 40 110 110 110 180 180 180 180 on-hand 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
inventory inventory
Planned Planned
300 230 230
receipts receipts
Planned Planned
order 300 order 230 230
releases releases
Figure 1.12
MRP Explosion
Item: Seat frames
Lot size: 300 units
Week
Item: Seat cushion
Lot size: L4L
Week
Lead Lead
time: 1 week 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 time: 1 week 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Gross Gross
0 230 0 0 230 0 0 0 0 230 0 0 230 0 0 0
requirements requirements
Planned Planned
300 230 230
receipts receipts
Planned Planned
order 300 order 230 230
releases releases
Figure 1.12
MRP Explosion
Item: Seat frames
Lot size: 300 units
Week
Item: Seat cushion
Lot size: L4L
Week
Lead Lead
time: 1 week 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 time: 1 week 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Gross Gross
0 230 0 0 230 0 0 0 0 230 0 0 230 0 0 0
requirements requirements
Planned Planned
300 230 230
receipts receipts
Planned Planned
order 300 order 230 230
releases releases
Week
Lead
time: 1 week 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Gross
requirements
Scheduled
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
receipts
Projected
on-hand 200
inventory
Planned
receipts
Planned
order
releases
Figure 1.12
MRP Explosion
Item: Seat frames
Lot size: 300 units
Week
Item: Seat cushion
Lot size: L4L
Week
Lead Lead
time: 1 week 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 time: 1 week 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Gross Gross
0 230 0 0 230 0 0 0 0 230 0 0 230 0 0 0
requirements requirements
Planned Planned
300 230 230
receipts receipts
Planned Planned
order 300 order 230 230
releases releases
Usage quantity: 4
Item: Seat-frame boards
Lot size: 1500 units
Week
Lead
time: 1 week 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Gross
0 0 0 1200 0 0 0 0
requirements
Scheduled
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
receipts
Projected
on-hand 200
inventory
Planned
receipts
Planned
order
releases
Figure 1.12
MRP Explosion
Item: Seat frames
Lot size: 300 units
Week
Item: Seat cushion
Lot size: L4L
Week
Lead Lead
time: 1 week 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 time: 1 week 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Gross Gross
0 230 0 0 230 0 0 0 0 230 0 0 230 0 0 0
requirements requirements
Planned Planned
300 230 230
receipts receipts
Planned Planned
order 300 order 230 230
releases releases
Week
Lead
time: 1 week 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Gross
0 0 0 1200 0 0 0 0
requirements
Scheduled
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
receipts
Projected
on-hand 200 200 200 200 500 500 500 500 500
inventory
Planned
1500
receipts
Planned
order 1500
releases
Figure 1.12