UEMX3653 Water and Wastewater Treatment

Introduction

Dr. Lee Khia Min

Department of Civil Engineering

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Why water supply
Healthy water is vital for humans and for our progress.
Our body contains 65% water by weight, which enables the body
to perform various life functions.
A public water supply provides water for drinking, preparation of
food, washing, sanitation, fire protection, swimming, and
industrial use.
Treatment of raw water (from rivers, lakes, and wells) is required
to provide safe drinking water water without any harmful
chemicals and without any waterborne pathogens (disease-
causing microorganisms).
Ideally, drinking water should be sparkling clear, cool, good
tasting, reasonably soft, stable (neither corrosive nor scaling),
plentiful, and cheap.

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Water / Wastewater Treatment
Similarity between Water Treatment and
Wastewater Treatment
Both require solids removal and disinfection
Difference between Water Treatment and
Wastewater Treatment
Purpose: Drinking water vs. sewage
Unit process and operation: w/ and w/o biological
process
Regulation: SDWA vs. NPDES

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Types of Water / Wastewater Treatment Methods
Common classification (for wastewater)
Primary treatment
Purpose: To remove settable and floatable solids
Method: screening, grit removal, primary sedimentation
Secondary treatment
Purpose: To aerobically and biologically remove
biodegradable organic matter
Method: activated sludge, trickling filter, rotating
biological contactors
Tertiary (advanced) treatment
Purpose: To further remove SS, dissolved organics
(refractory compounds) and inorganics (N, P nutrients)
Method: activated carbon, nitrification / denitrification 4
Types of Water / Wastewater Treatment Methods

Based on contaminants to be removed:

Suspended solids: sedimentation, coagulation/flocculation,
filter
Biodegradable organics: activated sludge, trickling filter

Volatile organics: air stripping, carbon adsorption

Pathogens: disinfection (Cl2, O3, UV)

Nutrients (N): nitrification/denitrification, NH3 stripping

Nutrients (P): precipitation, biological removal, adsorption
(Al2O3)
Refractory organics: carbon adsorption, O3/UV radiation

Hardness (Ca2+, Mg2+), heavy metals: precipitation, ion

exchange, membrane processes, chelation (sequestion)
Grease: flotation, biological processes

Dissolved solids: ion exchange, membrane processes

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Conventional Water Treatment
Processes

Coagulant

Disinfectant
Flotation
Water Rapid
Flocculation Filtration
Supply Mix
Settling
Mixer Flocculator Clarifier Filter

Clear Well Distribution System

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Typical Water Treatment Plant
Primary Coagulation/ Secondary
Surface
Settling Flocculation Settling Filtration Disinfection
Water
Clean water
to consumer

Sludge Sludge

Primary Coagulation/ Secondary

Aeration Settling Flocculation Settling Filtration Disinfection
Ground
Water Clean water
to consumer

Sludge Sludge

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Typical Wastewater Treatment Plant
Bar Screen Primary Aeration Secondary
Grit Removal Settling (Biological) Settling Disinfection
Effluent discharged
to receiving water
Wastewater
Return Sludge
(Bacteria)

Waste Sludge Sludge Sludge

Sludge Thickening Stabilization Dewatering
Dewatered sludge
to landfill
Supernatant

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Course Learning Objectives
To provide an understanding of the fundamental principles
involved in water and wastewater engineering and processes.

To learn physical, biological and chemical processes in the

treatment plant including sludge treatment.

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Course Learning Outcomes
Identify issues and challenges in water and wastewater
treatment facilities.
Explain design parameters, standards/regulations
governing water and wastewater treatment practices in
Malaysia.
Predict water demand and wastewater generation
capacity of a populated area / premise.
Design water and wastewater treatment systems by
using physical/biological/chemical treatment.
Illustrate processes of sludge treatment and disposal.

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Primary Topics
i. Introduction
ii. Water Sources
iii. Water Use and Water Demand Forecasting
iv. Water Quality
v. Physical Treatment Processes
vi. Chemical Treatment Processes
vii. Wastewater Generation
viii. Unit Operation/ Conventional Treatment Systems
ix. Advanced and Tertiary Treatment Processes
x. Sludge Processing

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Textbooks
Main Text:
Viessman, W. Jr., & Hammer, M. J. (2009). Water supply and
pollution control. (8th ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, USA:
Pearson Education, Inc.
Hammer, M. J. & Hammer, M. J, Jr. (2012). Water and wastewater
technology. (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall.

Additional References:
Metcalf, Eddy & Tchobanoglous, G. (2004). Wastewaster
engineering: treatment and reuse. (4th ed.). McGraw Hill.
Riffat, R. (2012). Fundamentals of Wastewater Treatment and
Engineering. CRC Press.
Gupta, V. K. Ali, I. (2012). Environmental Water: Advances in
Treatment, Remediation and Recycling. Elsevier.
David W. H. (2011). Fundamentals of water treatment unit
processes: physical, chemical, and biological. CRC Press.
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Grading
Courseworks 30%
Final Exam 70%

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Contacting Me
Outside of Class and Office Hours

Dr. Lee Khia Min

Email: leekm@utar.edu.my
Tel: 012-6146779

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