Data Gathering

Example:
Ishikawa diagram
Also known as Cause and
Effect Diagrams, Fishbone
Diagrams, Herringbone
Diagrams, and Fishikawa
Diagrams.
 PROBLEM DEFINITION

Delivery Price

Customer
Dissatisfaction

Data
Returns Reliability Phone Gathering
Response

Pareto
Delivery Invoice Queries

Phone
Calls

e
ns

Re ice

y
De t y
n

er
r
ho

i
tu

Pr

bil
liv
Sales

lep
Chasing

Re

lia
Te
Chasing
Checksheet
Delivery
Sales
Invoice Queries
Other

Pareto

s s g r ry
e rie Sale asin Othe elive
e Qu C h D
Clearer Invoices? oic
Inv
 Example:
Critical Thinking
The art of thinking about your thinking, while
youre thinking, so as to make your thinking
more clear, precise, accurate, relevant,
consistent, and fair; the art of constructive
scepticism; the art of identifying and
removing biasand one-sidedness of
thought; the art of self-directed, in-depth
thinking
(Paul, 1990)
Critical Thinking is :

1. interpreting, analyzing or evaluating information,

arguments or experiences with a set of reflective
attitudes, skills, and abilities

2. reasonable reflective thinking that is focused on

deciding what to do and what to believe OR to
guide our thoughts, beliefs and actions

3. examining the thinking of others to improve our

own
Elements of Critical Thinking as
part of data gathering
1. Observation: From a series of observations,
we can come to establish:
2. Facts: From a series of facts, or an absence
of facts, we make:
3. Inferences: Testing the validity of our
inferences, we make :
4. Assumptions: From our assumptions, we
form our
5. Opinions: Taking our opinions, we use the
principles of logic to develop:
6. Arguments: When we want to challenge the
arguments of others, we employ:
7. Critical analysis
Blooms Taxonomy of Thinking
Skills
Knowledge facts or bits of information
Comprehension understanding what
information means
Application finding a practical use for
the knowledge
Analysis breaking down the knowledge
into component parts
Synthesis connecting knowledge to other
knowledge and devising something new
Evaluation judging knowledge
Why is Critical Thinking
important?

Critical thinking prepares person to

educate themselves for the rest of
their lives
Critical thinking skills are necessary
for success in many fields
Critical thinkers are less likely to
just go along with the crowd,
Osborn question check list.
Modify- how could I change this product?
Magnify- how could I add to this product?
Minify- what could I take away from this product
Substitute- what could I use instead of this product or
portion of it?
Rearrange- how could improved/change products norm
operation
Reverse-how could I turn this product
operation/features around?
Combine what could I put together to make a new
product?
Challenges and Barriers to CT

fear
Impulsiveness
Overdependence Missing the meaning
Inflexibility
Lack of confidence
Dogmatic/assertive behavior
Inability to concentrate
Unwillingness to think
(Raths, et al., 1986)
Read the instruction, and then do the
activity at the end:
Select any potential product to be
improved.
Next, list out 15 improvements or
innovation which able to enhance the
product features
Simple desk/table design
into creative design.
Explain using Osborn
 Class Activity:
Explain with
Osborn checklist

https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=pla
yer_detailpage&v=XFNbbVTNTl0
ITS A SIMPLE GAME CALLED

BASIC IDEA GENERATION FOR NO

BRAINERS,

ARTHUR B. VANGUNDY, 2005