TO STUDY THE EFFECT OF SHAPE AND CRACK

PARAMETERS ON THE ULTIMATE LOAD OF

CRACKED LEAN DUPLEX STAINLESS STEEL
(LDSS) HOLLOW STUB OR SHORT COLUMNS
Joydweep Bor Deori DE - 12 - CE - 12

Lenli L Imchen DE - 12 - CE - 13

Sanasam Vipej Devi DE - 12 - CE - 15

Boa Kapa DE - 12 - CE - 16

Department of Civil Engineering, NERIST

 Presentation Contents
Introduction
Literature Review
Gap areas, Scope of Study

Finite Element Modelling

Modelling procedure Validation

Results and Discussion

Effect of Crack Length, Thickness, Shape and Eccentricity

Conclusion and Future Scope

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 Introduction
The most common structural defect is the existence of a

crack.
Causes of cracks :

Fatigue

Mechanical defects

Manufacturing processes

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 Generally they are small in sizes

Such small cracks are known to propagate due to

fluctuating stress conditions.

If these propagating cracks remain undetected and reach

their critical size, then a sudden structural failure may

occur.

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 Carbon Steel
Advantages:
Low cost,
Long experience,
Variety of strength classes

Disadvantage:
Low corrosion resistance Carbon Steel

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 Stainless Steel
Advantages:
High corrosion resistance,
High strength,
Smooth & uniform finish,
Aesthetic appearance,
High ductility,
Better impact resistance ,
Ease of maintenance & construction Stainless Steel

Disadvantage:
Higher cost

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 Literature Review

Shariati and Rokhi (2010)

Circular

Circular

Shariati and Rokhi (2010) [8] studied about the effects of elliptical and
square cut-outs in a cylindrical columns under axial and combine loading.
They studied the effects of the orientation, size and location of the cut-
outs along the columns and concluded that the presence of the
imperfections can reduce the ultimate strength of the columns as low as
50 % of the counterpart perfect columns.

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 Hassan Saleh (2011)
Square

Square
Hassan Saleh (2011) [11] investigated the buckling behaviour of cracked square thin

plates subjected to compression load perpendicular or parallel with respect to the

crack faces. The influences of several crack parameters (i.e. crack length and crack
location) on the buckling behaviour were analysed in order to estimate the
buckling load. It was reported that the cracks played a role in reducing the
buckling loads of the plates or shells and the effects of cracks parallel to the
direction of loading affected the buckling loads more than those which were
perpendicular to the loading direction.

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 Patton and Singh (2012) [17] carried out finite element studies for LDSS

hollow columns using Abaqus. Different cross sections of square, L-

type, T-type etc were considered to gain an understanding of cross
sectional shape effects on both ultimate load and ductility at ultimate
load. The LDSS hollow columns with equal material cross sectional
areas and varying thickness were subjected to uniform axial
compression. It was found that the ultimate load showed a nearly linear
variation with section thickness. The ductility at ultimate load has
been observed to be approximately 0.1% - 0.6%.

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 Gap Areas and Scope of Work
Effect of various defects like cracks, holes, cutouts on the ultimate

strength of columns has been discussed.

Effect of the various material properties considering various

materials like Carbon steel, stainless steel, aluminium, composites,

LDSS etc. has been discussed.

Effect of various shapes of the columns has been discussed.

However the effect of the shapes and crack parameters on the ultimate
strength of the Cracked LDSS columns has not been reported so far.

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 FE Modelling : Geometry

Geometry
Stub B L /D

B
t (mm)
Column (mm)
250 2 mm 3.0
t

L B

Square

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 FE Modelling : Boundary Conditions, Load

Reference Point
Load (RP)
Roller Loading
support
RPs are tied to the column ends via
node-to-node tie constraints
RP-2 restrained all dofs apart from
vertical translation at the loaded end
via Coupling, to allow same
vertical displacement
A central concentrated normal load was
applied statically at the reference node
Fixed (RP-2) to apply uniform pressure
support
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 FE Modelling : Mesh

Mesh attributes

No of elements: 6000 8,000

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 FE Modelling : Mesh Covergence
The global mess size was found to be 10 mm.

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 FE Modelling : Validation of Model
FE Model details: 2/3 x L

Specimen L (mm) B (mm) H (mm) t (mm) ri (mm)

80x80x4-SC2 332.2 80 80 3.81 3.6

1000

900

800 Typical stub column failure modes

of 80 X 80 X 4-SC2
700
(Theofanous & Gardner, 2009)
600
Load (kN)

500

400

300

200
FE Experimental
100
xL
0 2/3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Axial Displacement (mm)
FE deformed shape
of 80 X 80 X 4-SC2

From graph it can be seen that results of FE model are in good

agreement with Experimental, hence it is used for further analysis
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 Results and Discussion
Effect of Crack Length on Ultimate Load

8000
Load reduces with
7000
increase in crack
6000
length.

Ultmate load, P(kN)

5000
Minimum effect on 4000 circle
triangle
load variation of 3000 square
hexagon
sections of lower 2000

thickness. 1000

0
% reduction of load 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5
Normalised crack length()
TC>CC>HC>SC

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 Results and Discussion
Effect of Thickness on Ultmate Load

12000
Ultimate load

increases with increase 10000

in thickness. 8000

Ultmate load, Pu(kN)

The column fails due
6000 circle
to yielding at higher triangle
square
4000 hexagon
thickness rather than
buckling. 2000

Load variation with 0

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
thickness is almost Thickness, t(mm)

linear for CC in all

crack lengths.
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 Results and Discussion
Effect of Shape on Ultmate Load

Increase in Ultimate 10000

9000
load with increase in 8000

no. of sides. 7000

Ultmate load, Pu (kN)

6000
t=2mm
Hexagon takes more 5000 t=3mm
t=5mm
4000
load in higher t=7.5mm
3000 t=10mm
t=12.5mm
thickness & higher 2000

1000
crack length. circle
0
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Nature of graph
No of sides

changes with
increase in thickness.
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 Results and Discussion
Effect of Eccentricity on Ultmate Load

1.2
Least effect on load
1
variation of lower
thickness and more 0.8

Nomalised ultmate load

t=2mm
effect on higher 0.6 t=3mm
t=5mm
thickness. 0.4
t=7.5mm
t=10mm
t=12.5mm
Triangle takes 0.2

highest load when 0

1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5
e=0.25 & other
Eccentricity(e)

sections at e=0.30

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 Conclusion and Future Scope

Conclusion
Circular section is the most economical section at lower thickness.

Hexagonal section is more economical at higher thickness and

higher crack length.

Future Scope
Study on shape effect of sections with different crack orientation.

Shape effect of sections on ultimate load with different loading conditions.

Shape effect of sections on ultimate load with different end conditions

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 Thank
you

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