LIGHTING DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

PRESENTATION BY

SANDAL USMANI
MOMIN MOHAMMAD ZAKI GUIDED BY

2ND YEAR M. ARCH AR. P. PRAKASH

BUILDING SERVICES AR. RAVI JAIN
FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE & EKISTICS - JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA
 Lighting Design

Design is the science and art of

making things useful to humankind;
and lighting design is the application of
lightingincluding daylight when it is
specifically used as a source of
lightingto human spaces. Like
architecture, engineering and other
design professions, lighting design
relies on a combination of specific
scientific principles, established
standards and conventions, and a
number of aesthetic, cultural and
human factors applied in an artful
manner.

Lighting Design
Lighting Quantity Lighting Quality
Light Distribution, including:
Task Illuminance Task and ambient lighting
Day lighting integration
Light pollution and light trespass
Space and Workplace
Considerations, including:
Design Flexibility
Appearance of the space and
Considerations luminaires
Color appearance
Luminance of room surfaces
Direct glare
Reflective glare
Lighting on People and Objects,
Implementation including:
Modeling faces and objects
Economic / Cost Consideration Surface characteristics
Energy / Sustainability Points of interest

FORMAT OF PRESENTATION

For general lighting purposes,
the recommended practice is
to design for a level of
illumination on the
working plane on the basis of
the recommended levels
for visual tasks given in CODES
(NBC) by a method called
Lumen method. In order to
make the necessary detailed
calculations concerning the
type and quantity of lighting
equipment necessary, advance
information on the surface
reflectance of walls, ceilings
and floors is required.
Design Consideration 1. Lighting Quantity
Lighting Quantity
Task Illuminance
Task Illuminance describes the amount of light falling on a
surface. It has two components.
1. Amount of Light
(based on usage or multiple usage of a space)
After detailed study and research CODES provides
values
&
2.If the surface is horizontal - horizontal illuminance
if the surface is vertical - vertical illuminance
Some tasks though are at an angle, such as reading a book
in a hospital bed.

Lighting profoundly
affects many human
reactions to the
environment. These
human reactions range
from the obvious, such as
the dramatic beauty of an
illuminated landmark or
the emotional response
of a candlelight dinner, to
subtle impacts on worker
productivity in offices or
sales in retail stores.
Design Consideration 2. Lighting Quality
Lighting Quality
Light Distribution, including:
Task and ambient lighting
Day lighting integration
Light pollution and light trespass
Space and Workplace Considerations, including:
Flexibility
Appearance of the space and luminaires
Color appearance
Luminance of room surfaces
Direct glare
Reflective glare
Lighting on People and Objects, including:
Modeling faces and objects
Surface characteristics
Points of interest
Sparkle
 Lighting Quality
Task and ambient lighting

Task lighting systems independent from the spaces general lighting systems (serving specific
task) are found in building types for instance, the display lighting in retail stores is a form of
task lighting. Similarly, task lights are used in industrial manufacturing and assembly, health
care, residential lighting, and many other interior lighting applications.
Options include
indirect luminaires mounted atop cobinetry or workstations
Suspended luminaires
Recessed luminaires

Ambient Lighting:

Task lights cant light the balance of the room, and thus
some other type of lighting system is needed to produce
the ambient illumination in the room.

Design Consideration 2. Lighting Quality / Distribution

 Lighting Quality

Task Ambient Lighting produce energy

savings in three ways:
Locating the light source close to the task
most efficiently produces the illumination
levels needed for the task.
Task illumination levels dont have to be
maintained uniformly thorugh out the space,
so ambient levels can be lower.
Some occupants wont use their task lights,
and empty offices or workstations with absent
occupants dont have to be fully illuminated

Design Consideration 2. Lighting Quality / Distribution

 Lighting Quality

Day lighting Integration

Practice of using windows, skylights and other forms

of fenestration to bring light into the interiors of
buildings using various means.

Incorporating day lighting in the lighting design can

be done by:
Proper control of the fenestration luminance
Daylight sensing and compensation control systems
which allow adjustments to electric electrical lighting
system
Glare controls should also be incorporated in the
design
New techniques for piping light into interior
spaces can allow sunlight and daylight to furnish a
higher percentage of illumination requirements and
more uniform distribution

Design Consideration 2. Lighting Quality / Distribution

 Lighting Quality
Light pollution & light trespass

In outdoor lighting, electric light may

illuminate adjacent properties which
become offensive if unwanted is known as
light trespass.
Electric lights emitting light upward o
reflecting light upward cause a condition
called light pollution which causes moisture
and particles in the air to glow at night.

Several steps to minimize light pollution & light trespass

Use night lighting only when and where necessary
Use the minimum amount of light needed rather than the maximum
Use sources with cutoff optics that restrict light to the intend area of
illumination
Use more sources, each of lower wattage, to improve uniformity in the intended
illumination area and minimize trespass into adjacent areas.

Design Consideration 2. Lighting Quality / Distribution

 Lighting Quality

Space and Workplace Considerations,

including:
Flexibility
Appearance of the space and luminaires
Color appearance
Luminance of room surfaces
Direct glare
Reflective glare

Design Consideration 2. Lighting Quality / Space & Workplace

 Lighting Quality

Flexibility

Advance lighting designs should be flexible enough to ensure that:

Lights operate where needed, and are off where not needed, as people move
around within a space and use rooms in different ways.
Spaces used for hoteling the occasional or transient use of a workspace
remain dark unless needed.
The lighting space system can be rapidly reconfigured to match a changed
floor plan or accommodate a different space use, and still operate at
maximum energy efficiency.
The lighting system permits multiple uses and on-demand flexibility in
multiple-use spaces such as conference rooms and modern A/V classrooms.

Design Consideration 2. Lighting Quality / Space & Workplace

 Lighting Quality

Appearance & Space of luminaires

Luminaire efficiency and the ability to use efficacious sources have become
increasingly important criteria for selecting luminaires.

Designer should find lighting systems that embody the projects style or
aesthetic but to do so using high-efficacy sources and efficient principles.
For instance, choose luminaire that hide light source but avoid such as
crystal chandeliers that require lamps with bare incandescent filaments.

Design Consideration 2. Lighting Quality/ Space & Workplace

 Lighting Quality

The appearance of color

both in terms of

color rendition (CRI-Colour Rendering Index)

Correlated colour Temperature (CCT)

are important in the overall feeling of the space, and in some instances can have a
dramatic effect on visual tasks.

Design Consideration 2. Lighting Quality/ Space & Workplace

 Lighting Quality
Color Rendering Index (CRI) describes how a light source makes the color of an object
appear to human eyes and how well subtle variations in color shades are revealed.
The CRI is a scale from 0 to 100 percent indicating how accurate a "given" light source
is at rendering color when compared to a "reference" light source. The higher the CRI,
the better the color rendering ability. Halogen is considered the reference light
source and has a CRI of 100.
CRI of 100 in an LED source has not yet been developed. CRI in the 90s is possible
but very expensive.
Fluorescent lamp sources are considered very poor in CRI running in the low 70s. A
CRI index >80 is considered very good.

Design Consideration 2. Lighting Quality / Space & Workplace

 Lighting Quality
Correlated Clolour Temperature

For good visual comfort, light needs to

have the right color and quality.
Light can feel cool or warm. This is
quantified by the "color temperature"
and measured in degrees Kelvin. The
higher the color temperature, the bluer
the light is. This may seem counter-
intuitive, as we think of blue as a
"cooler" color than red, but it comes
from the physics of black body
radiation. People generally prefer
bright light to be bluer, like daylight,
while they prefer dim light to be yellow,
like candlelight.
The color temperatures of daylight and
various common light sources are
below.

Design Consideration 2. Lighting Quality / Space & Workplace

 Lighting Quality
Luminance of room surfaces
Periodic trends in interior design introduce dark paints and finishes. These trends
contribute to difficulty in producing energy-effective design by increasing lighting
requirements to raise surface luminance into the comfortable range.
Lighting designer should:
Encourage the use of high diffuse reflectivity (light colored) surfaces and minimize the
use of dark surfaces.
Use computer modeling to ensure that the average room surface luminance is at least
10% of the task background.
With indirect lighting systems, use computer calculations to check for uniformity and
try to maintain 10:1 luminance ratio or better.

Design Consideration 2. Lighting Quality / Space & Workplace

 Lighting Quality
Direct Glare
. Caused by a view of the light source, often with high contrast to the surroundings.
Glare is associated not just with lamps, but also with daylight, especially when one is
exposed to low angle, direct sunlight.
Be concerned
more about the glare caused by lamps, lenses and other overly birght sources of
manmade lights
less about glare of sunlight and small point sources
most concerned about sources of glares in relation to the stationary tasks when
building occupants cannot easily relocate themselves or their tasks

Design Consideration 2. Lighting Quality / Space & Workplace

 Lighting Quality
Reflective Glare
Have long been associated with gloss-coated paper, pencil paperwork and computer
CRT (cathode ray tube) screen.
Indirect lighting, by creating a diffuse and uniform illumination has been advocated as
solution.
Can create specular reflections that can cause glare reducing comfort or disabling the
workers vision in particular areas.
Reflective glare - when system has been optimized to reduce glare then consider:
modifying the task to eliminate remaining glare problem such
as use of flat screen CRT or active matrix.
Use of ink rather than pencil
Use of matte-coated or uncoated paper rather than gloss coating paper.
Changing finishes of polished floors or shiny conference room tables.

Design Consideration 2. Lighting Quality / Space & Workplace

 Lighting Quality

Lighting on People and Objects, including:

Modeling faces and objects
Surface characteristics
Points of interest

Design Consideration 2. Lighting Quality

Modeling faces and objects Lighting Quality
In human vision, shadows and highlights enhance the perception of three dimensions. Both
are the products of directional light sources. The sun and the moon produce well-defined
shadows, and are considered dramatic and attractive light sources.
Diffuse light, like the light from a cloudy sky, produces an even light that is relatively shadow-
free. Once considered desirable, it is now realized that shadow-free light can fail to render
changes in surfaces making a space or task less visible. To model a surface for better
recognition of its shape and features, in general some percentage of directional light is
considered important.
Consider using a blend of direct and indirect
lighting in most designs to provide a
combination of comfort and modeling.
To achieve a minimum modeling, a directional
light for an object or area of interest should be
at least 20-25% of the total illumination.

Design Consideration 2. Lighting Quality

 Lighting Quality

Surface Characteristics

Lighting techniques that reveal architectural nuance like texture

enhance visual perception have become more commonly requested by
building owners and architects

Design Consideration 2. Lighting Quality

 Lighting Quality
Point of Interest
In retail and museum lighting, designers use highlights of up to 10 times the
ambient light level to draw attention to key display.
Recognize that its wasteful to create lighting than is needed.
Carefully select highlights, and use a minimum effective highlight level.
Creating highlights in contrast to lower ambient illumination levels
Creating highlights with efficient sources as close to the object or surface as
possible.
Small points of light from fiber optic sources or LEDs may offer efficient ways to
create highlights or attract attention where specifically desired.

Design Consideration 2. Lighting Quality

 Implementation

Implementation

Economic / Cost Consideration

Energy / Sustainablity

Design Consideration 3. Implementation

 Implementation
Economics / Cost Consideration

All of the costs and benefits associated with a lighting project should be
considered in a careful economic evaluation of a lighting system.
These include:

Installation costs (Including equipment cost)

Design and management costs
Energy costs
Maintenance costs

Advantages Of Lighting Design Service In Terms Of Cost Saving

Equipment Cost Control

Identifying Lowest-Cost Unit Pricing

Operations Cost Control

Avoiding Over-Lighting
Improving Reflectance and Integrating Daylight

People Costs (increased sale /productivity)

Aesthetic Costs
Design Consideration 3.Implementation
 Implementation
Lighting Economics An Example

Design Consideration 3.Implementation

 Implementation
Lighting Economics An Example
Simple Payback
The period of time in years required for the savings in operating or maintenance cost to
equal the additional initial investment required for the lighting system.

Design Consideration 3.Implementation

 Implementation
Energy Efficiency
Energy-efficient lighting design focuses on ways to improve both the quality and efficiency of
lighting.
Match the amount and quality of light to the performed function.
Install task lights where needed and reduce ambient light elsewhere.
Use only energy-efficient lighting components, controls and systems. These include
Fluorescent and LED lighting options.
Maximize the use of daylighting. Daylighting is the use of windows and skylights to bring
natural light into your home.
Use of Daylight

Energy Efficiency

Incorporate proper lighting controls

Infrared sensors eplacement with energy
R
Motion sensors efficient lamps
Automatic timers CFLs and LEDs
Dimmers

Design Consideration 3.Implementation

 End . . . . .

References
http://www.energywise.govt.nz/your-home/lighting
http://www.algonline.org/index.php?lighting-quality
ADVANCED LIGHTING GUIDELINES 2011 edition by algonline