Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
4
Differentiation and Integration of
E
2012
The Natural Exponential Function
The function f(x) = ln x is increasing on its entire domain,
and therefore it has an inverse function f 1.
The domain of f 1 is the set of all reals, and the range is the
set of positive reals, as shown in Figure 5.19.
Figure 5.19
The Natural Exponential Function
So, for any real number x,
f ( x) e .
-1 x
That is,
Solve
for x
y e ln y x.
x
5.4 Exponential Functions:
Differentiation and Integration
This inverse relationship
ln(e ) x and e
x ln x
x
x 1
Solve 7 e
x 1
ln 7 ln(e )
ln 7 x 1
x ln 7 1 0.946
5.4 Exponential Functions:
Differentiation and Integration
Solve ln(2 x 3) 5
e 2x 3
5
2x e 35
x e 3
1 5
2 x 75.707
5.4 Exponential Functions:
Differentiation and Integration
THM 5.10 Operations with Exponential Functions
Let a and b be any real numbers.
a b
1. e e e
a b
a
e a b
2. b e
e
5.4 Exponential Functions:
Differentiation and Integration
a b
Use the Laws of Logarithms to prove: e e e a b
ln(e e ) ln e
a b a b
ln x is one-to-one
ln e ln e
a b
Laws of Logarithms
ab Inverse Functions
a b
ln(e ) Inverse Functions
5.4 Exponential Functions:
Differentiation and Integration
Properties of the Natural Exponential Function
1. The domain of f ( x) e x is -, , and the range is 0, .
one-to-one.
3. The graph of f ( x) e x is concave upward on its entire domain.
Prove: #1 ln e x
x
Identity
d d
u ' dx ln e dx x
x
Differentiate both sides
d x
u 1 d x
e 1 e e x
x
e dx dx
5.4 Exponential Functions:
Differentiation and Integration
d 3 / x
d 2 x 1 e ?
e ? dx
dx
d 3 x1
e 2 x 1
2 2e 2 x 1
dx
e
3 / x 3
e 2
x
3/ x
3e
2
x
Find the relative extrema of f ( x) xe . x
f '( x) (1)e xe
x x
e x 1 x 1 is a critical #
x
Interval x 1 1 x 1 x
Test Value x 2 x0 x2
Sign of f '( x) negative positive positive
Conclusion Decreasing Increasing Increasing
5.4 Exponential Functions:
Differentiation and Integration
1, e
1
5.4 Exponential Functions:
Differentiation and Integration
1. e x dx e x C 2. eu du eu C
2. e du
u
5.4 Exponential Functions:
Differentiation and Integration
e
3 x 1
dx ?
u 3x 1 du 3dx
5xe
x2
dx ?
1 u
e du u x du 2 xdx
2
3
1 u 5 u
e C
3
2 e du
1 3 x 1
e C
5 x2
3
e C
2
5.4 Exponential Functions:
Differentiation and Integration
1/ x
e
x dx ?
sin xe
2 cos x
dx ?
1 1
u du 2 dx u cos x du sin xdx
x x
e duu
e du u
e1/ x
C
e cos x
C
5.4 Exponential Functions:
Differentiation and Integration
1
x
e dx ?
0
u x du dx
1 0
e du e du
u u
0 1
0
e u
1
e e 0 1
1
1 0.632
e
5.4 Exponential Functions:
Differentiation and Integration
e cos e dx ?
0
u e du e dx
x x x x
1
1 cos u du ? sin u e1
1
1
sin1 sin e 0.482
5.4 Exponential Functions:
Differentiation and Integration
Page. 356
33,34, 35 51 odd, 57, 58, 65, 69, 85 91odd,
99-105 odd