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Today: Re-Teaching Newtons

First and Second Laws of Motion


Balanced vs. Unbalanced Forces
Balanced Forces Unbalanced Forces
Cancel each other out Do not cancel out
NO net force acting on YES net force acting on
object (Fnet= 0 N) object (Fnet > 0 N)
Check For Understanding
Which statement below is true?
A.When two unbalanced forces are applied to
an object, the net force is 0 N.
B.When two balanced forces are applied to an
object, the net force is 0 N.
C.Two unbalanced forces cancel each other out.
D.When balanced forces act on an object, net
force is negative.
What is the net force acting on this box?

Fnet=12 N 8 N = 4 N to the right


Practice Finding the Net Force
Check For Understanding

You must have a


magnitude and a
direction for Fnet.

Balanced or unbalanced?
Balanced

Fnet = 0N
Check For Understanding

Balanced or unbalanced?
Unbalanced

Fnet = 5 N to the left


Check For Understanding

Balanced or unbalanced?
Balanced

Fnet = 0 N
Check For Understanding

Balanced or unbalanced?
Unbalanced

Fnet = 15 N up
Answer Balanced and Unbalanced
Forces questions on your sheet.
5 minutes!
Check For Understanding
When balanced forces act on an object, what
is the net force acting on the object?
Check For Understanding
If the net force on an object is greater than
zero, what can you conclude about the forces
acting on the object?
A. It is being acted on by unbalanced forces.
B. It is being acted on by balanced forces.
C. It is being acted on by no forces at all.
D. It is moving at a constant speed.
Newtons First Law
Objects at rest remain at rest unless acted
upon by a net force.
Objects in motion remain in motion at a
constant speed unless acted upon by a net
force.
Law of Inertia
FR

f F

F = FR + f
AHH!

Ouch
Newtons Second Law
When a net force acts on an object, the object
accelerates in the direction of the force.
Acceleration is directly proportional to net
force and inversely proportional to mass.
Forces are either balanced, or unbalanced

When forces are


equal, no acceleration
occurs.
Forces are either balanced, or unbalanced

But when they are


unbalanced, thats
when objects
accelerate
Forces are either balanced, or unbalanced

But when they are


unbalanced, thats
when objects
accelerate
Forces are either balanced, or unbalanced

But when they are


unbalanced, thats
when objects
accelerate
Forces are either balanced, or unbalanced

But when they are


unbalanced, thats
when objects
accelerate
Forces dont cause
motion, forces cause
ACCELERATIONS!

Accelerations cause
MOTION!
FR

f F

F = FR + f
FR

f F

The car will accelerate if F > FR + f


Fnet ma
Objects mass Objects
Net force acting
(kg) acceleration
on object
(m/s2)
(N)
F = ma

m a
Check For Understanding
A car is accelerating at 5
m/s2. The car has a
mass of 1000 kg. What
is the force that is F
pushing the car?

1000 kg 5 m/s 2

F =1000 kg 5 m/s 2 5000 N


Check For Understanding
Kristopher pushes with
150 N of force on a box
with a mass of 50 kg. At
what rate does the box 150 N
acclerate?

50 kg a
150 N
a= 3 m/s 2
50 kg
Check For Understanding
Tylesia pushes Mr. D
with a force of 240 N.
Mr. D accelerates
forward at a rate of 3 240 N
m/s2. What is Mr. Ds
mass?

m 3 m/s2
240 N
m= 2
80 kg
3 m/s
Relationships in F = ma
net force (Fnet) acceleration (a)
mass (m) acceleration (a)
mass (m) net force (Fnet)
net force (Fnet) acceleration (a)
How fast will this rock accelerate?

100 N

50 kg a
100 N
a= 2 m/s 2
50 kg
How fast will this rock accelerate?

200 N

50 kg a
200 N
a= 4 m/s 2
50 kg
net force (Fnet) acceleration (a)
mass (m) acceleration (a)
mass (m) acceleration (a)

20 N

5 kg a
20 N
a= 4 m/s 2
5 kg
mass (m) acceleration (a)

20 N

20 kg a
20 N
a= 1 m/s 2
20 kg
mass (m) acceleration (a)
mass (m) acceleration (a)

Kristopher pushes with


150 N of force on a box
with a mass of 50 kg. At
what rate does the box 150 N
acclerate?

50 kg a
150 N
a= 3 m/s 2
50 kg
mass (m) acceleration (a)

Kristopher pushes with


150 N of force on a box
with a mass of 100 kg.
At what rate does the 150 N
box acclerate?

100 kg a
150 N
a= 1.5 m/s 2
100 kg
Who will be harder to move?
How much force is needed to accelerate
this wrestler at a rate of 2 m/s2?

200 kg 2 m/s 2

F = 200 kg 2 m/s 2 400 N


How much force is needed to accelerate
this wrestler at a rate of 2 m/s2?

20 kg 2 m/s 2

F = 20 kg 2 m/s 2 40 N
mass (m) net force (Fnet)
Check For Understanding
A car is accelerating at 5
m/s2. The car has a
mass of 2000 kg. What
is the force that is F
pushing the car?

2000 kg 5 m/s 2

F =1000 kg 5 m/s 2 5000 N


Check For Understanding
A car is accelerating at 5
m/s2. The car has a
mass of 5000 kg. What
is the force that has to F
be pushing the car?

5000 kg 5 m/s 2

F = 5000 kg 5 m/s 2 25,000 N


Balanced vs. Unbalanced Forces
Balanced Forces Unbalanced Forces
Cancel each other out Do not cancel out
NO net force acting on YES net force acting on
object (Fnet= 0 N) object (Fnet > 0 N)
NO acceleration (a = 0 m/s2) YES acceleration (a > 0 m/s2
Object keeps same speed or a < 0 m/s2)
Object changes speed
Balanced Forces Unbalanced Forces

Fnet is

Acceleration is

Object will

Described by which of
Newtons Laws?
Balanced Forces Unbalanced Forces

Fnet is Fnet = 0 N Fnet > 0 N

Acceleration is

Object will

Described by which
of Newtons Laws?
Balanced Forces Unbalanced Forces

Fnet is Fnet = 0 N Fnet > 0 N

Acceleration is a = 0 m/s2 a > 0 m/s2 or a < 0 m/s2

Object will

Described by which of
Newtons Laws?
Balanced Forces Unbalanced Forces

Fnet is Fnet = 0 N Fnet > 0 N

Acceleration is a = 0 m/s2 a > 0 m/s2 or a < 0 m/s2

remain at rest or accelerate (change


Object will maintain constant speed)
speed

Described by which of
Newtons Laws?
Balanced Forces Unbalanced Forces

Fnet is Fnet = 0 N Fnet > 0 N

Acceleration is a = 0 m/s2 a > 0 m/s2 or a < 0 m/s2

remain at rest or accelerate (change


Object will maintain constant speed)
speed

Described by which of First Law Second Law


Newtons Laws?
Challenge Question
A car moves along a road at a high speed. The driver pushes the gas
pedal down farther, generating a forward force of 3000 N on the car. A
strong gust of wind hits at the exact moment the driver pushes the gas
pedal, exerting a backward force of 2500 N on the car. The road also
applies a backward force of 500 N due to friction.
What is the acceleration of the car at the exact moment the
gust of wind hits the car?
A.0 m/s2
B.500 m/s2
C.2500 m/s2
D.3000 m/s2

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