FY ELECTRICAL 1

FUSE AND MCB

Presented by :-
HARDIK TEJANI (ID_24) (ENROLLMENT_115)
KARTHIK MENON (ID_22) (ENROLLMENT_049)
PRAYAG PANDYA (ID_34) (ENROLLMENT_059)
SWAPNIL MARATHE (ID_16) (ENROLLMENT_047)

ELEMENTS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

 This is to certify that
TEJANI HARDIK (130410109115)
MENON KARTHIK (130410109049)
PANDYA PRAYAG (130410109059)
SWAPNIL MARATHE (130410109047)

of Electrical Engineering Department has completed their Active

Learning Assignment for the subject ELEMENTS OF ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERING (2110005) for the term ending in December, 2013.

DATE: 26/11/2013
3
 Topics

Introduction to fuse Construction of fuse

Types of fuse Working of fuse

Introduction to mcb Parts of mcb

Difference between mcb

concluding videos
and fuse
NEED OF FUSE
In any electric installation, if the metallic part
of the electric appliance such as the metallic
frame, metal covering of cables etc. comes in
direct contact with a live wire, the metal will
begin to get charged since it is a good
conductor of electricity .
If a person comes in contact with the metallic
part then he will get a shock. so, to save the
person from the shock we need fuse and mcb.
 INTRODUCTION OF FUSE
The basic purpose of the fuse is to protect
electrical appliance and is composed of an
alloy which has a low melting point. A strip
of this fuse is placed in series with the circuit.

The working principle is that if the current is

in excess then the strip would melt and break
the circuit.
 In electronics and electrical engineering,
a fuse (from the French fuser, Italian fuso,
"spindle") is a type of low resistance resistor that
acts as a sacrificial device to provide over
current protection, of either the load or source
circuit.
Its essential component is a metal wire or strip
that melts when too much current flows, which
interrupts the circuit in which it is
connected. Short circuit, overloading,
mismatched loads or device failure are the
prime reasons for excessive current.
CONSTRUCTION OF
FUSE
The main components of a
standard fuse unit consist of
the following items:
I. Metal fuse element
II. Set of contacts
III. Support body
IV. Connection
 The fuse element is made of zinc, copper, silver,
aluminum, or alloys to provide stable and predictable
characteristics.
The fuse element may be surrounded by air, or by
materials intended to speed the quenching of the
arc. Silica sand or non-conducting liquids may be
used.
The fuse also consists of other components like Trigger
assembly spring , Heat absorber.
 Types of
fuse

Low voltage High

fuse voltage fuse

Rewireable Cartridge
fuse fuse
 REWIREABLE
FUSE
This kind of fuse is most commonly used
in the case of domestic wiring and small
scale usage. Another name for this type is the
KIT-KAT type fuse. The main composition is
of a porcelain base which holds the wires.
The main advantage of this type of fuse is
that it is easy to install and also replace
without risking any electrical injury.
When there is an over surge that causes the
fuse element to blow off, you can replace it. A
new fuse carrier is inserted in the base.
 CARTRIDGE FUSE
In this type of fuse, we have a completely
closed container and there are contacts
(metal) on either side. The level of sub
division in this case includes:
I. D type
II. Link Type

Link type fuses: In Link type, we further

have a knife blade type and a bolted type.
D Type Fuses: This cannot be interchanged
and comes with the following main
components: fuse base and cap, adapter
ring and the cartridge.
 HIGH VOLTAGE FUSE
Fuses are used on power systems up to 115,000 volts
AC. High-voltage fuses are used to protect instrument
like transformers used for electricity metering, or for
small power transformers where the expense of
a circuit.
They are used in power supply networks and for
distribution uses. The most frequent application is in
transformer circuits, with further uses in motor
circuits and capacitor banks.
High-power fuse means that these fuses can interrupt
several kilo amperes. Some manufacturers have tested
their fuses for up to 63 kA cut-off current.
 WORKING OF FUSE
Fuse will melt when the current exceeds its maximum
current rating. By melting , the fuse thus destroys a
portion of the conducting path. This stops the current
from flowing in the rest of the circuit.
When the fuse melt, the fuse element absorbs some
energy. This energy is given by I2t where I is peak value
of current interrupted and t is the time taken to clear
the fault.
When the fuse blows , it gives an indication that there
is some mal functioning in the circuit.
VIDEO SHOWING
FUNCTIONING OF FUSE
 INTRODUCTION OF MCB
A Miniature circuit breaker is a manually or
automatically operated electrical switch designed
to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused
by overload or short circuit.
Its basic function is to detect a fault condition and
interrupt current flow.
Unlike a fuse, which operates once and then must
be replaced, a circuit breaker can be reset (either
manually or automatically) to resume normal
operation.
 Circuit breakers are made in varying
sizes, from small devices that protect
an individual household appliance
up to large switchgear designed to
protect high voltage circuits feeding
an entire city.
 SYMBOL OF MCB

Miniature circuit = switch + trip unit breaker (MCB)

 DIMENSION OF MCB
44 maxi
21.3
width

81

45 35
maxi

symmetrical
rail external
part
depth

60
10 maxi
C60N
PARTS OF MINIATURE
termina
NC100 / NC125

termina

CIRCUIT BREAKERS
l
bimetral strip
l
fixed contact
moving
strip braid
contact
moving strip braid
A contact
magnetic
trip
magnetic trip
strip braid
bimetal strip
load side load side
terminal terminal
SOME IMPORTANT PARTS
OF MCB
1.Actuator lever - used to manually trip and reset the circuit
breaker. Also indicates the status of the circuit breaker (On or
Off/tripped).
2.Actuator mechanism - forces the contacts together or apart.
3.Contacts - Allow current when touching and break the current
when moved apart.
4.Terminals
5.Bimetallic strip.
6.Calibration screw - allows the manufacturer to precisely adjust
the trip current of the device after assembly.
7.Solenoid
8.Arc divider/extinguisher
 OVERLOAD PROTECTION
Current Limiting Breakers use an
electromechanical (Thermal /Magnetic) trip unit
to open the breaker contacts during a over current
event. The thermal trip unit is temperature
sensitive and the magnetic trip unit is current
sensitive. Both units act independently and
mechanically with the breakers trip mechanism to
open the breakers contacts.
MCB miniature circuit breakers instantaneous
trip unit interrupts a short circuit in 2.3 to 2.5
milliseconds, and stops the flow of current
 Thermal Trip Unit
The thermal trip unit protects against a
continuous overload. The thermal unit is
comprised of a bimetal element located behind
the circuit breaker trip bar and is part of the
breakers current carrying path.
When there is an overload, the increased current f
low heats the bimetal causing it to bend. As the
bimetal bends it pulls the trip bar which opens the
breakers contacts.
 The time required for the
bimetal to bend and trip the
breaker varies inversely with
the current. Because of this, the
tripping time becomes quicker
as current increases in
magnitude . Overload
protection is applicable to any
installation, conductor, or
component which can be
subjected to low-magnitude
but longtime over currents
Current Flowing Through
MCB
Magnetic trip unit
The Magnetic trip unit protects against a short circuit.
The magnetic trip unit is comprised of an
electromagnet and an armature. When there is a short
circuit, a high magnitude of current passes through
the coils creating a magnetic field that attracts the
movable armature towards the fixed armature. The
hammer trip is pushed against the movable contact
and the contacts are opened. The opening of the
breakers contacts during a short circuit is complete in
.5 milli-seconds.
Magnetic trip unit
Arc runners / Arc chutes
The arc runner and arc chute limit and dissipate the
arc energy during the interruption of an overload or
short circuit event.
During an overload or short circuit event, the contacts
of the breaker separate and an electrical arc is formed
between the contacts through air.
The arc is moved into the arch chute by running the
arc down the interior of the breaker along the arc
runner. When the arc reaches the arc chute it is broken
into small segmented arcs.
COMPARISION BETWEEN MCB AND
FUSE
MCB
MCB trips off in case of excessive
load.
MCB is to be just put-on after
correcting the fault in wiring
Since we do not change the MCB,
there is no risk of putting on the
MCB/switch even if the fault is not
correctly repaired.
Compact, small equipment.
Works on Bi-metal expansion or
induced magnetism.
Relatively costlier than fuse.
FUSE
Fuse melts/fuses in case of excessive
load.
Fuse needs to be replaced with a new
one.
There is a risk of putting on the
switch in case; due to ignorance
higher capacity fuse-wire is
positioned.
It has Porcelain base and top1`
Works on melting/fusing due to high
temperature.
Relatively cheaper than MCB.
A VIDEO SHOWING
FUNCTIONING OF MCB.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
ELEMENTS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
(J.N SWAMY AND N.V SINHA)
INFORMATION FROM:-
WIKIPEDIA
ABBWORKS
PICTURES FROM :-
GOOGLE