TEAMWORK

CT231 & CT216

Catherine Cronin
January 2014

CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 cindy47452

2 Source: www.dnainfo.com
3 facebook.com/OccupySandyReliefNyc
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Image:CC BY 2.0 Matt
 What is a TEAM?

a group of people working

together to achieve
a common goal

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 What is TEAMWORK?

the ability to cooperate and

communicate effectively with others
to achieve a common goal

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 Team Working

Benefits Challenges

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 TEAMWORK INDIVIDUAL
o Agree on goals / milestones WORK
o Establish tasks to be completed o Work on tasks
o Communicate / monitor progress o Work on new / revised tasks
o Solve problems o Research / development
o Interpret results o Networking
o Agree completion of project

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CC BY-NC-SA Harold Jarche
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Image credit: Alec Couros
 Stages of Team Development

Forming (assemble team; deal with ambiguity)

Storming (deal with criticism; develop ideas)
Norming (procedures, cohesion)

Performing (cooperation)
[Adjourning]

11 Source: Bruce Tuckman (1965) Small Group Development

 Maturity Continuum

DEPENDENCE

INDEPENDENCE

INTERDEPENDENCE

12 Source: Stephen R. Covey (1989) The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People

 4 Paradigms of human interaction

Lose / Win Win / Win

Consideration

Lose / Lose Win / Lose

Courage
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 Win/Win

If Win/Win is such an ideal, why dont we do

it all the time?

What gets in the way?

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 Key Teamwork SKILLS

1. INTERPERSONAL
Trust / acceptance
Communication
Collaborative problem-solving
Conflict resolution

2. SELF / PROJECT MANAGEMENT

Goal setting
Planning
Task co-ordination
Performance management

15 Source: Slyke, Trimmer, Kittner (2004) Teaching Teamwork in IS Courses

 A few TEAMWORK guidelines
1. Effective communication
2. Team Working Agreement
3. Effective meetings
4. Project management
5. Conflict management

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 1. Effective communication
Communicate openly & supportively
Listen openly
Interpret nonverbal messages
Give useful feedback
Receive feedback effectively

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 2. Team Working Agreement

What is it?
Effectively a contract which all team members
sign up to each team member is expected to
abide by that contract
Expectations each team has for its members
Designed specifically for your team

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 Team Working Agreement

Key points:
Tailor to meet the specific needs of your team
members
Each team member needs to input
A chance for all members to voice their opinions
All members will be accountable for statements
in the agreement

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 Team Working Agreement:
Issues to consider

effective communication method(s)

participation by all members
decision-making
problem-solving approaches
management of conflict / differences
responsibilities & conduct

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 SAMPLE:
Boeing Code of Cooperation for Teams

EVERY member is responsible for the teams progress and

success
Attend all team meetings; be on time
Listen to & show respect for view of members
Criticize ideas, not persons
Use & expect constructive feedback
Resolve conflicts constructively
Always strive for win-win situations
Avoid destructive behaviour
Ask questions when you do not understand

21 Source: http://aircraftdesign.nuaa.edu.cn/PD-2006/PDF/P1-requirement%20and%20schedule.pdf
 3. Meeting Guidelines (sample)
Project meetings will be held every .
Meetings will be called by .
Meetings will begin and end on time.
Decisions will be made by consensus/ majority
rule/anarchy.
Role of scribe will rotate.
Minutes will be issued by e-mail within 24 hours of
each meeting.
Exceptions allowable/not allowable.

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 4. Project Management
Start with consensus on project GOAL
Then work to a project PLAN

Milestone Responsibility Date

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 5. Conflict
People typically fear and avoid conflict
Most people believe conflict does not belong
in the workplace

However, dynamic organizations use

conflict as a CREATIVE FORCE.

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 TEAMWORK INDIVIDUAL
o Agree on goals / milestones WORK
o Establish tasks to be completed o Work on tasks
o Communicate / monitor progress o Work on new / revised tasks
o Solve problems o Research / development
o Interpret results o Networking
o Agree completion of project

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 Teamwork in a Software
Development Environment
COMMUNICATION
Communicate well; listen openly

KEEP THE PROJECT ON TRACK

Work to the plan to keep motivation high
Update the plan as things change

CONFLICT
Accept and work with/through conflict
Develop a constructive conflict style

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