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MBEYA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHOLOGY.

INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY


MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

ORDINARY DIPLOMA IN MECHANICAL


ENGINEERING (NTA 6)
SUBJECT PROJECT. CODE (MPR 061)
PROJECT TITTLE: DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF LOCAL
UNIVERSAL VALVE SPRING COMPRESOR.

PROJECT TYPE: DESIGN.

SUPERVISOR
Mr. L. KARIWA
CHAPTER ONE
In 1890 the first internal combustion engine (ICE) was introduced
in the world. This have high power weight ratio compared to the
external combustion engine that was introduced in 18th century. As
the ICE engine introduced they have only two strokes cycle engine.
Two stroke cycle engine means one revolution of a crankshaft is
completed by two movement of a piston. This is commonly used in
a small engines and the old motor vehicle. As time goes the four
stroke cycle engine was introduced. The four stoke cycle engine
means that two revolution of crankshaft is completed by four
movement of a piston. This is commonly used nowadays especially
in motor vehicles because have high power than two stroke cycle
engine.
A local universal valve spring compressor
Is a tool that provides a mechanism of removing and installing the
valves by compressing the compression spring which attack the valve
that is locked by cotters in a simple way so that you can remove or
install the locks (cotter pins) simply, when you perform the valve
maintenance.
Problem Statement
In any garage, there are a lot of activities performed concerning with
automobiles. That is repair, maintenance, troubleshooting, etc.
Engine overhaul is one of the activity performed in garages. In
overhauling the engine we must inspect the engine components like
engine block, cylinder head, crankshaft and camshaft and other
components. In cylinder head maintenance and inspection there should
be disassembling by removing the inlet and exhaust valves and other
attached components.
We found a problem in mechanism of compressing a compression
spring that is used while removing and installing the valve in a
cylinder head.
Sometimes while removing valve spring lock (cotters), the locks may jump
and it may be lost.
It is dangerous when removing the valves in cylinder head. Because at the
time the hammer is used for hammering at the sides between shim and cup
for the purpose of removing the cotter pins, these pins may jump out and
harm the person who is removing them. As well as damage the cylinder
head when the hammer slides out of the hands and crank a cylinder head.
Therefore a lot of power and time is used for removing and installing the
valves in a cylinder head.
As we can see the problem we found when removing and installing the
valves in a cylinder head. We prefer to design and fabricate a local universal
valve spring compressor in order to simplify work as well as to increase
safety and manage time when performing the valves maintenance at the
garages to make the operation simple.

Project Objectives.
The objectives of this project are divided into two categories, which are;
Main Objective
Specific Objectives
1.3.1 Main Objective.
The main objective of this project is to design and fabricate the local
universal valve spring compressor.
1.3.2 Specific Objective
To collect the technical specification of the engine for designing the local
valve spring compressor
To design the valve spring compressor
To prepare detail drawings of the valve spring compressor
Assembling drawing of the valve spring compressor
Fabrication of the valve spring compressor prototype

Significance of a Project.
The importance of this project is.
To reduce a time consuming during valve maintenance operation.
To increase performance of a garage.
The increase safety in a garage.
To fabricate a tool that can have the ability to compress the spring of
some variety of car engines.
Scope of a Project.
The designed tool is used in medium car engines, like TOYOTA,
LAND CRUISER, NISSAN, SUZUKI etc. The designed universal
valve spring compressor is used for all types of car except heavy duty
vehicle
CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
By studying different books, internet browsing, visiting different
automotive workshops, this will help us to get information that will
direct us to accomplish our project designed.
Universal valve spring compressor is the tool that is used to compress
the valve spring in various car engine like SUZUKI, TOYOTA,
FORD, and NISSAN etc. This tool is used to simplify work when
performing a maintenance at the valves (inlet and exhaust valves) that
provides a simple way to remove and to install the valves in cylinder
head.
Figure 2.1: Universal Valve Spring Compressor
2.2 Types of Valve Spring Compressor
Hydraulic valve spring compressor.
Pneumatic valve spring compressor.
Manual valve spring compressor.
Hydraulic valve spring compressor
This tool uses the power of a fluid to compress the coil spring
in a cylinder head when removing and installing the valves in
a cylinder head. It uses a mechanism like hydraulic jerk

Figure 2.2: Hydraulic Valve Spring Compressor


Pneumatic Valve Spring Compressor

This tool uses the power of air that is generated from the compressor
to compress coil spring in a cylinder head that is attached to the valve
for the purpose of removing and installing the valves in cylinder head
during valves maintenance operation. This tool uses a mechanism like
that of pneumatic jerk.

Figure 2.4: Pneumatic Valve Spring Compressor in


Application
MANUAL VALVE SPRING COMPRESSOR
In this tool human hand power is used to compress the coil spring in the
head. This uses a screw that pushes the valve and the coil spring and
then the coil spring compressed and the cotters get out.

Figure 2.5: Manual Valve Spring Compressor


2.3 Overhead Valve Spring Compressor
This tool is used to remove the valve spring even if you dont remove
the cylinder head in an engine block. This tool is manual operated

Figure 2.6: Overhead Valve Spring Compressor


CHAPTER THREE
1 METHODOLOGY
For the purpose of eliminating the problem of removing and installing
the valves in cylinder head while performing the maintenance the
following methods are going to be followed for designing a tool that
will solve that problem:
Data collection.
Data analysis.
Design
. Data Collection.
To collect the technical specifications of the engine for
designing valve spring compressor.
By checking the different types of cylinder head from
automotive workshops and other specifications which are
later going to help in the design of our tool. Also reading
different automotive books and internet browsing.
3.1.2 Data Analysis.
The collected data should be analyzed so as to be used in
design calculations, such as sizes of universal valve
compressor tool and cylinder head height.
3.1.3 Design
To prepare details drawing and assembly drawing
After obtaining the specifications of the tool we are going to design,
these specifications are the ones which are going to be used in the
details and assembly drawings by the use of solid works and AutoCAD.
Manufacture of the valve spring compressor prototype
The following methods are going to be used in the fabrication of local
universal valve spring compressor:
Welding
Machining processes

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