Chapter 7

OD Intervention Strategies

An Experiential Approach to Organization Development 8 th edition Chapter 7

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 Learning Objectives
Identify and understand:
Range of major OD intervention techniques.
How they can be applied.
Identify ways interpersonal, team, and
intergroup techniques fit into OD
program.
Understand change strategies.

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 Figure 7.1
Stage 4 of ODs 5 Stages

An Experiential Approach to Organization Development 8 th edition Chapter 7

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 Organizational Change
Starting point for change program is
definition of a total change strategy.
OD strategy is:
A plan for integrating different activities to
accomplish objectives.
Developing strategy includes:
Planning activities to resolve difficulties,
build on strengths.
An Experiential Approach to Organization Development 8 th edition Chapter 7
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 Basic Strategies to Change
Structural.
Technical.
Behavioral.

An Experiential Approach to Organization Development 8 th edition Chapter 7

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 Structural Approach to
Change
Relates elements of organization to one
another.
Removes or adds layers to hierarchy.
Downsizing associated with
restructuring.
Changes can involve decentralization
and centralization.
An Experiential Approach to Organization Development 8 th edition Chapter 7
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 Technical Approach to
Change
Changes in machinery, methods,
automation, and job design.
Brings organization to state of art.
Help companies become more
productive.

An Experiential Approach to Organization Development 8 th edition Chapter 7

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 Behavioral Approach to
Change
Emphasizes better utilization of human
resources by improving:
Morale.
Motivation.
Commitment of members.
OD traditionally associated with
behavioral strategies.
An Experiential Approach to Organization Development 8 th edition Chapter 7
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 Integration of Strategies
Structural, technological, and behavioral
strategies not OD change strategies per
se.
Determining feature of OD strategy is
process used to arrive at strategy.

An Experiential Approach to Organization Development 8 th edition Chapter 7

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 Figure 7.3
Integrated Approach to Change

An Experiential Approach to Organization Development 8 th edition Chapter 7

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Integration of Strategies (part 1 of 2)
OD deals with integrated change that
considers:
Structure.
Technology.
Behavior.
Interdependence of subelements
(departments) needs to be considered.

An Experiential Approach to Organization Development 8 th edition Chapter 7

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Integration of Strategies (part 2 of 2)
Change strategies consider overt and
covert elements.
Second-order consequences consider
change in one area that influences other
areas.

An Experiential Approach to Organization Development 8 th edition Chapter 7

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 Figure 7.4
Organization Iceberg Approach to OD

An Experiential Approach to Organization Development 8 th edition Chapter 7

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 Stream Analysis
Useful in planning.
Helps organization plan interventions.
Provides graphical view of changes.
Allows progress to be plotted.

An Experiential Approach to Organization Development 8 th edition Chapter 7

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 Figure 7.5
Stream Analysis Chart

An Experiential Approach to Organization Development 8 th edition Chapter 7

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 Selecting an OD Intervention
Interventions are a range of actions.
Specific means, activities, and programs
that can make change happen.
Practitioner and client consider:
Potential results of technique.
Potential implementation of technique
including costs versus benefit.
Potential acceptance of technique.

An Experiential Approach to Organization Development 8 th edition Chapter 7

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Major Intervention Techniques
Intervention techniques focus on 4
categories:
Individual or interpersonal level.
Team or group level.
Intergroup level.
Total organizational system level.

An Experiential Approach to Organization Development 8 th edition Chapter 7

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 Table 8.1
OD Interventions: An Overview (part 1 of 2)

An Experiential Approach to Organization Development 8 th edition Chapter 7

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 Table 8.1
OD Interventions: An Overview (part 2 of 2)

An Experiential Approach to Organization Development 8 th edition Chapter 7

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 OD Application
Changing P&G
P&G one of largest consumer product
companies in world.
Culture is well established.
Over 170 years old.
Chairman of board spends time
communicating vision to employees.

An Experiential Approach to Organization Development 8 th edition Chapter 7

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 Key part of strategy is:
Focus on building strong brands,
That sell at premium prices.
With major recession, strategy was
changed:
Offer more lower priced products.
But continue to:
Develop new products.
Innovate engineering and manufacturing
technology.
Understand the consumer.
An Experiential Approach to Organization Development 8 th edition Chapter 7
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 Corporate headquarters has undergone
change.
Executives have open offices.
Division presidents offices moved closer to
their teams.
Changes made without alienating
employees.

An Experiential Approach to Organization Development 8 th edition Chapter 7

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 Key Words and Concepts
Behavioral strategies.
Places emphasis on human resources.
OD intervention.
Actions designed to improve health of
client system.
OD strategy.
A plan for change using structural,
technical, and behavioral methods.

An Experiential Approach to Organization Development 8 th edition Chapter 7

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 Parkinsons laws.
Summarizes problems of inefficient
practices in organizations.
Second-order consequences.
Indirect consequences that result from a
change action.
Stream analysis.
A method that plots interventions over time.

An Experiential Approach to Organization Development 8 th edition Chapter 7

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 Structural strategies.
Alters framework that relates elements of
organization to one another.
Technological strategies.
Changes in machinery, methods,
automation, and job design.
Virtual team.
Teams and their meetings occur
electronically over telecommunications
lines.
Need for face-to-face meetings reduced.
An Experiential Approach to Organization Development 8 th edition Chapter 7
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 OD Skills Simulation 7.1
The Franklin Company
Purpose.
To determine an appropriate intervention
strategy.
To experience diagnosing and contacting a
client system.
To provide feedback on practitioner
approaches.

An Experiential Approach to Organization Development 8 th edition Chapter 7

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Preparations for Next Chapter
(part 1 of 2)

Read Chapter 8.
Prepare for OD Skills Simulation 8.1.
Prior to class, form teams of seven and
assign roles.
Complete Step 1.

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Preparations for Next Chapter
(part 1 of 2)

Read and complete Steps 1 and 2 of

OD Skills Simulation 8.2.
Read and prepare for Step 1 of OD
Skills Simulation 8.3.
Read and analyze Case: The OD
Letters.

An Experiential Approach to Organization Development 8 th edition Chapter 7

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 An Experiential Approach to Organization Development 8 th edition Chapter 7
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