THE SCIENCE, POWER AND PUZZLE

OF MOTIVATION

The 21st Century

Motivation
Why do some people run?
And some people just sit?
Why do you go to work/school everyday?
Motivation
 Technically Motivation is

The Science of Motivation

 It is also
the driving force that pushes us to do
something

the energy that gives us the strength to

get up and keep going - even when things
are not going our way.

The Science of Motivation

 But I prefer this

Motive + Action

he Science of Motivation
 CLASSIFICATION OF MOTIVATION

Positive and negative

Extrinsic and Intrinsic

Carrots and Stick

Financial and Non-financial

The Science of Motivation

 Positive and Negative
Motivation
Positive Motivation Negative Motivation
Positive motivation is the Negative motivation is the
type of motivation a type of feeling a person
person feels when he gets when he expects
expects a certain reward. punishment.

The Science of Motivation

 Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation
Intrinsic Extrinsic
Intrinsic Motivation occurs Extrinsic Motivation
when we are motivated to occurs when we are
perform a behavior or motivated to perform a
engage in an activity behavior or engage in an
because it is interesting activity in order to earn a
and enjoyable. reward or avoid a
punishment.

The Science of Motivation

Carrot and Stick
Financial or Non-financial
 Theories of Motivation

Content
Theory

The Science of Motivation

 Theories of Motivation

Process
Theory

The Science of Motivation

 Motivation satisfies the needs of individuals as well
groups
Motivation also promotes job satisfaction
Motivation can increase efficiency and productivity of
work
Motivation helps the learning process. Without
motivation learning does not take place.
Motivation promotes self-discipline
 But what happens
when there is no
enough motivation
among the
employees/students?

LESS or NO
MOTIVATION =
DEMOTIVATION
 Which motivations are effective?
Financial
Extrinsic
or non-
or Intrinsic
financial
Positive
or Carrot
Negative and Stick
Introducing Daniel Pink
Daniel H. Pink is an American author and journalist.

He received a Bachelor's degree from Northwestern

University and a Juris Doctor from Yale Law School.

He worked for Vice President Al Gore in the capacity

of chief speechwriter between 1995 to 1997

He is the author of four provocative books about the

changing world of work including the long-running
New York Times bestseller, A Whole New Mind, and
the #1 New York Times bestseller, Drive. His books
have been translated into 33 languages. Dan lives in
Washington, DC, with his wife and their three
children.
HE TOOK THESE TWO
STUDIES.
Dunckers Candle Experiment
Dunckers Candle Experiment
Group 1 are told that they are timed for
further comparison (without financial
incentives)

Group 2- are told that they are timed for

further comparison (with financial
incentives)
 The surprising result.
Group 1 was able to solve it in a
lesser time comparing to Group 2
who finished it 3.5 minutes longer
than the Group 1!
 The surprising result.
That seems to be against whole
logic of giving incentives !
 In short
if the task is simple - laying bricks, the simple
reward like incentives and bonuses improves
performance.

Unless the task is complicated which entails

creativity, high incentive or more rewards can
actually reduce effectiveness.
 Disadvantages of extrinsic motivation like high
ncentives, more money and the use of carrot and stick
method
They can extinguish intrinsic motivation
They can diminish performance
They can crush creativity
They can crowd out good behavior
They can encourage cheating, shortcuts, and unethical
behavior
They can foster short-term thinking
 But it can work out if ..
Employers, teachers and supervisors will allow people
to complete the task their own way (autonomy).
Individuals will acknowledge that the task is interesting
and challenging because it is satisfying once they
master it.
The employers offer rationale for why the task is
necessary. A job that is not inherently interesting can
become more meaningful if its a part of a larger
purpose
How to motivate the employees/students?
How to motivate the employees/students?
How to motivate the employees/students?
How to motivate the employees/students?
How to motivate the employees/students?
How to motivate the employees/students?
Pinks Three Elements
The Motivation Shift
Rules and norms in society are made based on how
humans behave and how the world works
 To sum up

The driving force behind

success in 21st century, is
not about money and high
incentives but its about
personal growth (autonomy,
mastery and purpose) .
 The Power of a Smile
She smiled at the sorrowful stranger.
The smiling seemed to make him feel better.
He remembered past kindnesses of a friend
And wrote him a thank you letter.
The friend was so pleased with the thank you
That he left a large tip after lunch.
The waitress, surprised by the size of the tip,
Bet the whole thing on a hunch.
The next day she picked up her winnings,
And gave part to a man on the street.
The man on the street was grateful;
For two days he'd had nothing to eat.
After he finished his dinner,
He left for his small dingy room.
He didn't know at that moment
That he might be facing his doom.
On the way he picked up a shivering puppy
And took him home to get warm.
The puppy was very grateful
To be in out of the storm.
That night the house caught on fire.
The puppy barked the alarm.
He barked till he woke the whole household
And saved everybody from harm.
One of the boys that he rescued
Grew up to be President.
All this because of a simple smile
That hadn't cost a cent.