CE En 112 Engineering Drawing with

CAD Application
Manual Drafting Supplement (Lecture C)
Engineering Geometry and Construction
 Lecture Outline
Engineering geometry (3.1, p.192)
Coordinate spaces (3.3, p.194, we will refer
to this one when we learn UCS),
Geometric elements (3.4, p.200)
Points, lines, surfaces & arcs (3.5, p.202)
Conic curves (3.6, p.207)
Surfaces (3.10, p.218) will be covered as
part of AutoCAD 3D lectures
We cannot cover all materials in this chapter in one lecture. But, some of
the definitions and concepts have been covered in your education up to this
point (from elementary school). We place emphasis on quickly constructing
necessary geometric elements. Terms you learn from this chapter have
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 Engineering Geometry (Supp. 3.1)

Geometric construction: Act of constructing a

geometry, especially using hand tools
e.g., dividing a line

Engineering geometry: Basic geometric elements

and forms used in engineering design

Points, Lines, Surfaces, and Solids

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 Geometric Elements (Supp. 3.4)
Manual AutoCAD
drafting

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 Points, Lines, Surfaces, and Arcs
(Supp. 3.5)
Point: Theoretical location that has neither width,
height, nor depth and describes an exact location in
space

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 Points, Lines, Surfaces, and Arcs
(cont)
Line: Geometric
primitive that has
length and direction but
not thickness
May be straight, curved,
or a combination

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 Points, Lines, Surfaces, and Arcs
(cont)
Tangencies: Exists when a straight line is in contact
with a curve at a single point; that is, a line is
tangent to a circle if it touches the circle at one and
only one point

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 Points, Lines, Surfaces, and Arcs
(cont)
Circles: Single
curved surface
primitive, all
points of which
are equidistant
from one point,
the center

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 Points, Lines, Surfaces, and Arcs
(cont)
The elements of a circle are as follows
(outlined in previous slide):
Center Minor arc
Circumference Major arc
Radius Central angle
Chord Sector
Diameter Quadrant
Secant Segment
Arc Tangent
Semicircle

The slides that follow provide examples of manual

drafting points, lines, surfaces, and mostly, arcs
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 Points, Lines, Surfaces, and Arcs
(cont)

Constructing
arcs tangent to
two lines
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 Points, Lines, Surfaces, and Arcs
(cont)

Constructing an arc tangent to a line and another arc

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 Points, Lines, Circles, and Arcs
(cont)

Constructing an arc tangent to two given arcs or circles

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 Points, Lines, Circles, and Arcs
(cont)

Constructing
an arc
tangent to
two given
arcs

Please note that

we should avoid
this kind of reverse
curve in highway
alignment design.

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 Points, Lines, Circles, and Arcs
(cont)
Observe the signs carefully to place the center of a
new circle that contacts the two existing circles.

Constructing an arc tangent to a given arc

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 Points, Lines, Circles, and Arcs
(cont)

Constructing
lines tangent
to two circles
or arcs, using
a straightedge
(a trial and
error method)

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 Conic Curves (Supp. 3.6)

Parabola: Curve created when a plane intersects a

right circular cone parallel to the side (elements) of
the cone

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 Conic Curves (cont)

Parallelogram
Method of
Drawing
Parabolas

Engineering Applications
of Parabolas

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 Conic Curves (cont)

Hyperbola: Curve of the intersection created when

a plane intersects a right circular cone and makes a
smaller angle
with the axis
than do the
elements

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 Conic Curves (cont)

Ellipse: Single-curved-
surface primitive
created when a plan
passes through a right
circular cone at an
angle to the axis that is
greater than the angle
between the axis and
the sides (a circle
when viewed at an
angle appears as an
ellipse)

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 Conic Curves (cont)

Constructing a
Foci Ellipse
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 Next Class

Pictoral drawings
Next Week, Midterm 1 at the Testing Center
(25 AutoCAD questions, to be answered on
the bubble sheet, and manual drafting
related questions up to dimensioning).
Bring your drafting tools.
Midterm 1 is a timed exam. 120 min. But
anticipating a few minutes differences
between your watch and Testing Centers
clock, actual max time allowed is 125
minutes.
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