FIRE SAFETY

Introduction

A fire incident involves any single factor or any combination of these factors:
Raw materials which are stored and used for production
Equipment in premise
Production process
The causes of fire:
Careless/children playing with matches
Uncontrolled/excessive heat increase
Failure of fire protection equipment to function
Sparks from machinery/equipment
Flames from welding tool
Spilled flammable liquid or gas leakage
Short-circuit
Intentional burning/treason
Common locations of fire accident:
Business premise
Store
Location where raw materials are processed
Location of equipment that has been used inside premise
Confined space / impounded
Outside premise
Factors that facilitate fire:

Storage of flammable materials

No fire fighting equipment (Section 2(c), Act 341, FSA 1988)
No water storage to extinguish fire (Section 22(1), Act 341, FSA 1988 )
Careless because lack of knowledge
Machinery/equipment malfunctioned

BASIC OF FIRE

Definition of fire:

Chemical reaction that occurs when flammable materials and oxygen come into contact with source of heat
Each of these three elements must be present at the same time to have a fire. A fire will burn until one or more of the
elements is removed.

Fuel Any combustible material solid, liquid or gas

Oxygen The air we breathe is about 21% oxygen fire needs only 16% oxygen
Heat The energy necessary to increase the temperature of fuel to where sufficient vapors are given off for ignition
to occur
 Fire Category

Class A Class B

Fires involving solid materials that Fires involving liquid containing

contain carbon hydrogen, carbon
Ex: Wood, paper, clothes, garbage Ex: Petrol, lubricant oil, plastics
Class E

Fires involving potentially

energized electrical equipment
Class C Ex : Faulty outlet, outdated
wiring Class D
Fires involving flammable gas or
liquid, when mixed with oxygen, it Fires involving flammable and
will burn even with a spark reactive metal, can cause explosions
Ex: Butane (ammonia), Hydrogen Ex: Potassium, sodium,
(acythelene) magnesium
 CLASS
OF FIRE
WATER FOAM CO2 GAS
RISK POWDER

A
Flammable Solid P P O P
B
Flammable Liquid
O P P P
C
Flammable Gasses O O P P
D
Flammable Metals O O O P
E
Electrical Hazards
O O P P
 How fire spread ?

1. Continuous
Fire caused by a combination of heat transfer, it will spread out until run out of fuel
Ex: Burn paper, burn matches

2. Heat Conduction
Heat travels through heat conductor that will heat up, and if in contact with fuel, it will burn when reach the ignition
temperature.

3. Heat Convection
Heat transfer due to the easy flow materials like liquids and gases, which when heated, it will expands and rises through
the opening hole of the stairs and elevator together with smoke.

4. Heat Radiation
Heat transfer like electrons wave that transfer following light waves. When fuel gets in extreme heat, the temperature
will rise reaching the ignition temperature, then fire happen.
Cause of Fire
 Effects of Fire
Effects on human
Impaired judgement and coordination, headache, dizziness, nausea, fatigue, unconsciousness, respiratory arrest,
burn injuries, cardiac arrest, death
Psychological effect
Cause post traumatic stress disorder
Anxiety and depression
 Behavioural consequences
Disturb sleep
Changes in temperament
Cognitive changes

Economic consequences
Loss of income
Medical expenses
Effects to environment
Haze
Green house effects
Global warming
Destroy animal habitat
Death and extinction of animals
Effects to workplace
Damaging the machinery and tools
Cost to rebuild the company and workers
Stop the production process
Loss of company income
Method to Control Fire
FIRE DETECTORS AND ALARMS
HEAT DETECTION
RADIATION DETECTION
SMOKE DETECTION
FLAMMABLE GAS
DETECTION

FIRE FIGHTING
FIRE EXTINGUISHERS, FOAM, CO2 SYSTEMS
FIRE FIGHTING TEAMS, EMERGENCY RESPONSE TEAM AND
BOMBA
The three most common types of fire extinguishers are:
Water (APW) for woods, paper, cloth
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) for flammable liquid and electrical
fires
Dry Chemical (ABC, BC) Depends on label i.e.for fire of
classA, B and C or for class B and C only.
FIRE SAFETY AND PREVENTION
 Requir
ed by
All OSHA
company
fire- Must be
prevention done at
training least
sessions EMPLOYE annuall
should be E y
documente
d.
TRAININ
G
Training session
cover how to
Live training determine when a
are fire is too big to
recommende handle; the type of
d to be extinguisher; and
conducted PASS system of
periodically early-stage
firefighting.
 Fire extinguisher should be inspected
at least monthly

Portable Fire
Extinguisher
Fire extinguisher should not be
obstructed and should be in a
conspicuous location

When visually obstructed, an approved

means should be provided to indicate
location of the fire extinguisher

Fire extinguisher should be mounted on

the wall with a hanger
 Early action during fire
If any fire happen at home/ workplace, so the early action taken are as
follows;

Scream
Extinguish fire with suitable equipment
Switch off main power
Ring the fire alarm
Contact fire brigade
Bring precious asset out from the building and ensure to close all
doors/ windows without lock
Gather at safe assembly point which dont disturb fire brigade doing
their task
Start headcount
Acknowledge fire brigade regarding details of surrounding building
that caught fire and any
hazard materials in the building
How to save life when you are trapped in fire

Closer your breathing to the floor / crawl. If necessary, use a

handkerchief / wet cloth
as the air filter for a while
Purpose: Comfort for your breathing and vision
Hotter air will rise up, so the air in lower condition might not be
polluted with smoke yet.
Besides, your vision is clearer to find the exit pathway.
 How to prevent fire
STOREROOM
Ensure cleanliness and maintain the store in good condition all
time
Throw rubbish after work
Do not store equipment under staircase
Do not block the way to main power
Arrange equipment neatly
Arrange equipment 1 meter from wall/ ceiling
Enough ventilation
Ensure cleanliness around the building
Ensure all doors can be open at any time
BUILDING
Ensure cleanliness in the building
Flammable material is kept at special place
Do not block the way to main power
Curtain is far from electric equipment
IN/OUT door is not blocked and can be opened easily
Portable fire extinguisher is enough and suitable
Surrounding environment is clean
Do not kept any thing at staircase/above the ceiling
Electrical Usage
Use 3 pin plug
Do not use any broken equipment
Renovation, addition, or installing the wire connection by
certified technician
Switch the main power in case of fire
Paste signboard Switch the main power in case of fire
Unplug when not in use
Use one socket for one equipment at one time
 Storage area for flammable material
Kept outside the building (in metal cabinet or suitable
place)
Paste signboard Do not smoke here
Barrel are arrange neatly and isolate from other materials
Prepare spill kit
Vertically arrange the barrel
Any fuel filling must be done 15 meters from building
Turn off vehicle when fueling
Underground electric cable
Isolate materials that can trigger spark
Store gas cylinder
Storage area is 15 meters from building and road
Any different cylinder must be separated 7 meters from each
other.
Any flammable gas must be isolated for 15 meters
Paste signage Danger, flammable gas, Do not smoke
Cylinder valve is turned off after use
THANK
YOU ;)