Lifestyles, Fitness

and Rehabilitation

Hypertension
By
Seham Ahmed
Lifestyles, fitness Hypertension
and rehabilitation

What is Blood Pressure?

Pressure created by the heart as it pumps
blood through the arteries and the circulatory
system
What do Blood Pressure Numbers
Mean?
Top number (Systolic)= Pressure while heart is
beating
Bottom number (Diastolic)= Pressure while
heart is resting between beats
Lifestyles, Fitness Hypertension
and Rehabilitation

Normal Blood Pressure

Blood Pressure of < 140/ 90
Blood Pressure of 130 to 139/ 85 to 89 should
be closely watched
High Blood Pressure
Blood Pressure > 140/ 90
 American Heart Association
Recommended Blood Pressure Levels
Lifestyles, fitness
And Rehabilitation

BP Systolic Diastolic Follow-up

Category (mmHg) (mmHg)
Optimal < 120 and < 80 Recheck
2 years
Normal < 130 and < 85 Recheck 2
years

High 130-139 or 85-89 Recheck 1

Normal year
Lifestyles, Fitness Hypertension
and Rehabilitation

How can I tell if I have High Blood

Pressure?
Usually NO SYMPTOMS!
The Silent Killer
May have:
Headache
Blurry vision
Chest Pain
Frequent urination at night
Lifestyles, Fitness Hypertension
and Rehabilitation

Blood Pressure Measurement

Sphygmomanometer
Systolic pressure= pressure when 1st sound is
heard
Diastolic pressure= pressure when last sound
is heard
Blood Pressure Cuff Size
Small children and small adults
Average
Large overweight and large adults
 American Heart Association
Recommended Blood Pressure Levels
Lifestyles, fitness
And Rehabilitation

Systolic
BP Diastolic
Follow-up
Category (mmHg)
(mmHg)
Stage 1
Confirm within
(mild HTN) 140-159 or 90-99
months

Stage 2 Evaluate within

(moderate 160-179 or 100-109
1 month
HTN)
Stage 3 Evaluate
180 or > or 110 or >
(severe HTN) immediately
Lifestyles, Fitness Hypertension
and Rehabilitation

What Causes High Blood

Pressure?
Cause unknown in 90 to 95% of cases =
Primary Hypertension
Secondary Hypertension = 5 to 10%
Kidney Abnormalities
Narrowing of certain arteries
Rare tumors
Adrenal gland abnormalities
Pregnancy
Lifestyles, Fitness Hypertension
and Rehabilitation

What Causes High Blood

Pressure?
Controllable Risk Factors
Increased salt intake
Obesity and Dyslipidemia
Alcohol
Stress
Lack of exercise
Lifestyles, Fitness Hypertension
and Rehabilitation

What Causes High Blood

Pressure?
Uncontrollable Risk Factors
Heredity
Age
Men between age 35 and 50
Women after menopause
Lifestyles, Fitness Hypertension
and Rehabilitation

Women and High Blood Pressure

Birth Control Pill
Pregnancy
Overweight
After Menopause
Lifestyles, Fitness Hypertension
and Rehabilitation

What does High Blood Pressure do

to my Body?
Stroke
Congestive heart failure
Kidney failure
Heart attack
Heart rhythm problems
Aneurysm
Lifestyles, Fitness Hypertension
and Rehabilitation

What Can I Do?

High blood pressure is a lifelong
disease
Blood pressure can be controlled not
cured
Controlling blood pressure will reduce
the risk of stroke, heart attack, heart
failure and kidney disease
Lifestyles, Fitness Hypertension
and Rehabilitation

What Can I Do?

Loose weight if your overweight
Get regular physical activity
Avoid excessive alcohol
Stop smoking
Manage your stress
Lifestyles, Fitness Hypertension
and Rehabilitation

What Can I Do?

Decrease salt intake
Eat for heart health
Discuss the use of oral contraceptives
with your doctor
Discuss the use of some medications
with your doctor
Lifestyles, Fitness Hypertension
and Rehabilitation

Ten Commandments for Blood

Pressure Control
1 Know your blood pressure
Have it checked regularly
2 Know what your weight should be
Keep it at that level or below
3 Dont use excessive salt in cooking or
at meals
Avoid salty foods
Lifestyles, Fitness Hypertension
and Rehabilitation

Ten Commandments for Blood

Pressure Control
4 Eat a low-fat diet
According to AHA regulations
5 Dont smoke cigarettes
Or use tobacco products
6 Take your medicine exactly as
prescribed
Dont run out of pills even for a single day
Lifestyles, Fitness Hypertension
and Rehabilitation

Ten Commandments for Blood

Pressure Control
7 Keep your appointments with the doctor

8 Follow your doctors advice about

exercise
9 Make certain family members have their
blood pressure checked regularly
10
Live a normal life in every other way!
Lifestyles, Fitness Hypertension
and Rehabilitation

Medication for High Blood

Pressure
Diuretics
Rid the body of excess fluids and salt
Beta-blockers
Reduce the heart rate and the work of the
heart
Calcium antagonists
Reduce heart rate and relax blood vessels
Lifestyles, Fitness Hypertension
and Rehabilitation

Medication for High Blood

Pressure
Angiotensin II receptor blockers(ACE)
Interfere with the bodies production of
angiotensin, a chemical that causes the
arteries to constrict (narrow)
Vasodialators
Cause the muscle in the wall of the blood
vessels to relax, allowing the vessel to
dialate (widen)
Lifestyles, Fitness Hypertension
and Rehabilitation

Home Blood Pressure

Monitoring
Mercury sphygmomanometer
Standard for BP monitoring
No calibration
May be bulky
Need a second person to use machine
May be difficult for hearing impaired or
patients with arthritis
Lifestyles, Fitness Hypertension
and Rehabilitation

Home Blood Pressure

Monitoring
Aneroid equipment
Inexpensive, lightweight and portable
Two person operation/need stethoscope
Delicate mechanism, easily damaged
Needs calibration with mercury
sphygmomanometer
Lifestyles, Fitness Hypertension
and Rehabilitation

Home Blood Pressure

Monitoring
Automatic equipment
Contained in one unit
Portable with easy-to-read digital display
Expensive, fragile
Must be calibrated
Requires careful cuff placement