1 Foundations Surpac6.3 Geovia

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3DS.COM/GEOVIA Dassault
3DS.COM Dassault Systmes
Systmes | Confidential
| Confidential Information
Information | 6/3/17
| 6/3/17 ref.: 3DS_Document_2012
| ref.:| 3DS_Document_2012
Foundations of SURPAC 6.5.1

Tsagaan Shonkhor LLC 2013
Iderbat Surpac Product Specialist
About Dassault Systmes
3DS.COM/GEOVIA Dassault Systmes | Confidential Information | 16-01-13
3,500
partners
a Scientific 170,000 Long-term
company enterprise customers Research & Education
driven
>10,000 12 industries in 140 countries
Software & Technology
Sales & Services Majority shareholder control
Serving Science, passionate people >10 million on premise users Revenue: USD $2.6 Bn*
Technology and Art >100 million online users Operating margin: 31.6%*
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for a sustainable society
One global R&D / 34 labs
A unique software platform
* Non-IFRS
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Dassault Systmes in the Software Industry
Application Software 2012
www.forbes.com/innovative-companies/list/
Source: IDC Worldwide Software 2012-2016 Forecast Summary
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34 R&D labs
140 3DS Offices
Presence
Our Customers
TRANSPORTATION
TRANSPORTATION&&MOBILITY
MOBILITY
AEROSPACE
AEROSPACE &&DEFENSE
DEFENSE
MARINE
MARINE && OFFSHORE
OFFSHORE
INDUSTRIAL
INDUSTRIALEQUIPMENT
EQUIPMENT
HIGH-TECH
HIGH-TECH
CONSUMER
CONSUMERGOODS
GOODS-- RETAIL
RETAIL
CONSUMER
CONSUMERPACKAGED
PACKAGEDGOODS
GOODS --RETAIL
RETAIL
LIFE
LIFE SCIENCES
SCIENCES
ENERGY,
ENERGY,PROCESS
PROCESS && UTILITIES
UTILITIES
ARCHITECTURE,
ARCHITECTURE,ENGINEERING
ENGINEERING&& CONSTRUCTION
CONSTRUCTION
FINANCIAL
FINANCIAL&&BUSINESS
BUSINESS SERVICES
SERVICES
NATURAL
NATURALRESOURCES
RESOURCES
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GEOVIA a Step Towards Fulfilling our Purpose
Dassault Systmes provides Business & People

with 3DEXPERIENCE Universes to
imagine sustainable innovations capable of
harmonizing Products, Nature and Life
Bernard Charls
President and Chief Executive Officer
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3DS.COM/GEOVIA Dassault Systmes | Confidential Information | 6/3/17 | ref.: 3DS_Document_2012
Global Reach, Local Presence

GEOVIA Has The Leading Mining Portfolio
EXPLORATION EVALUATION PLANNING ENGINEERING MINE PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT AND RECONCILIATION
SERVICES
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What is GEOVIA Surpac
Gemcom Surpac is the worlds most popular geology and mine planning
software, supporting open pit and underground operations and exploration
projects in more than 120 countries. The software delivers efficiency and
accuracy through ease-of-use, powerful 3D graphics and workflow
automation that can be aligned to company-specific processes and data
flows.
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Surpac Concepts and Data Types
File type Example Description
String pit1.str A string is a sequence of three-dimensional coordinates representing some physical feature.
Digital Terrain Model (DTM) files are generated from .str files and can represent surfaces or solids. A DTM
DTM pitl.dtm surface is a set of triangles that represent a surface such as topography or a pit design. A solid model is a set of
triangles that represents a 3D shape, such as an ore zone or an underground mine design.
Geological Drillhole database (DDB) files are used to connect to relational drillhole databases. It is a text file that tells
surpac.ddb
database Surpac which tables and fields to read from the database
Survey database (SDB) files are used to connect to relational survey databases. It is a text file that tells Surpac
Survey database ug_mine.sdb
which tables and fields to read from the database.
A Block Model is a form of spatially-referenced database that provides a means for modelling a 3D body from
Block model block.mdl point and interval data such as drillhole sample data. It provides a method for estimating volume, tonnage, and
average grade of a 3D body from sparse drillhole data.
The files output from the Plotting module are in DWF format. You can open and edit them in the Surpac plotting
Plot files pit_str.dwf
window or send them to a plot device such as a Plotter.
Macros are custom programs, created to perform a set of repetitive tasks or functionality specific to an
Macros macro.tcl
operation. You can easily record and edit TCL scripts in Surpac.
This icon identifies a type of file that you can import directly into Surpac. For example, you can import any file
Plug ins topo2.dxf
that has one of the following extensions: .dxf, .dwg,.dgn,.dm,.shp,.dgd.
Surpac styles files contain information such as drawing styles, colour settings for strings and DTMs, or default
Styles file styles.ssi
Surpac settings.
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Starting Surpac and modifying Surpac Desktop Icon

1. Create a shortcut of the original Surpac icon.
2. Right-click the new Surpac icon, and select Properties.

3. In the Start in field on the Shortcut tab, enter
<install_directory>\demo_data\tutorials\introduction
where <install_directory> is the folder where Surpac is installed.
Training Surpac 6.3

Tip: You can create multiple Surpac desktop icons with different properties
so that the work directory is set automatically
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Surpac Interface
Surpac interface consists of 10 different areas:
1) Menus
2) Toolbars
3) Navigator
4) Preview pane
5) Legend pane
6) Graphics
7) Properties pane
8) Layers pane
9) Status bar
10) Message window
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Working directory
1. The directory path set within Surpac to which all 2. The name of the work directory is displayed in the
title bar of the Surpac window
subsequent files are saved and picked up.
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Surpac Conventions
Menu Bar: drop down menus

Toolbars: icons for shortcuts to
functions
Customized by right clicking in any
region with no menu
Different menus and toolbars can
displayed
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Function and Data Centric Operations
Function-centric operation - invoke a function first and than Data-centric operation - select data first and then
select data to apply the function: specify the function be applied to the data.
Possible to perform nearly all operations
Many graphical operations are quicker and easier

For non-graphical operations, this is often the only option to perform
(e.g. calculate volumes between two DTM surfaces)
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Navigator , Preview and Legend
The Navigator works like Windows Explorer. Preview Pane:
Use the Navigator for: Displays string data without the need
creating new folders,
to load it into graphics

cutting,
copying,
pasting,
deleting files and folders. Legend Pane:
Displays information about the graphics
for string, DTMs, DrillHoles and Block
Models
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Properties and Layers
Properties Pane:
Shows the properties of your file data when the Navigator is active
Shows the information about graphics data when Surpac is in select mode and you have data selected
Data in black can be changed. Values in grey cannot be changed
Layers Pane:
This is the area where The Layer Manager
you manage your data displays many layer
in layers properties:
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Status Bar and Message Window

Status Bar:
Shows the coordinate position of the mouse cursor as well as the string number and design gradient
Also shows whether a database or a block model is loaded into memory
Message Window:
Shows the information, warnings, and error messages that Surpac produces while it is executing functions
Can contain information such as coordinates of selected points which can be later on copy and paste into text files or
documents
You can get the

Message Options form by
clicking the right mouse
button.
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Working directory
Function Chooser
The directory path set within Surpac to which all subsequent files are
CS Clear screen
saved and picked up.
RF Recall file etc.
The name of the work directory is displayed in the title bar of the
Surpac window F2 or Enter - Invoke a function entered in the Command
Chooser. Complete a form..
Esc Cancel the current form. Escape from a selection
browser.
F3 On-line help. Press the F3 key or single click the
Help button to invoke the on-line help with the page being
displayed relating to the form that is currently displayed,
or the function that is currently executing.
Ctrl + C - Abort the function or macro. Pushing the abort
button (on the progress feedback bar) will abort the
current function
Tab - Advance to the next input field.
Shift + Tab - Advance to the previous input field.
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Tips and Hints

A good habit is to use distinguish folder name to save files used for different purpose
The standard interface in Surpac does not display the view azimuth and dip...you have to switch it on manually
each time you activate the software.
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File Name and Formats
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Extensio
Filename Location ID
Surpac File Names consist of 3 parts n
Location (Any combination of characters and numbers, pit.str pit .str
reflects the datas origin) bench105.str bench 105 .str
2007design.str 2007design .str

Lev level plans; Con contours 2007design2.str 2007design 2 .str
ID Number (optional) defines the file as a member of a set of grade_control 135.str grade_control 135 .str
files. dhcomp2_50.str dhcomp2 50 .str
Lev270 level-300.str level -300 .str
Lev280
Spaces in file names are not recommended
All the Surpac files are in ASCII, or text format and can be
viewed and edit using any text editor
In most cases strings are saved as text files. If the text string files are very large (more than 5 MB),
it may be worth saving them as binary files to reduce the time it takes to load the data into
graphics. Typically, saving of up to 15% in the size of the string file and up to 30% in the time to
load the data into graphics can be achieved.
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Strings
The most common file format used for storing information in Surpac is a string file. A string file contains coordinate information for
every point as Y, X, Z (stored in that order !!!), as well as optional descriptive information for each point. All points in a sting file
are grouped into segments, which are further grouped into strings. The string number may be in the range of 1 to 32,000.
In Surpac, POINT, LINE, POLYGON are called STRING

Basic Geometry objects
A string is a sequence of three dimensional coordinates delineating
Point some physical feature. Types
POINT > spot height string - random points linked together by a string number,
but outlining no particular feature. Can be in any order as the actual line joining
them does not represent a feature you can see.
line
LINE > open string. Can be straight or curved lines. If more than one open
string exists in the file with the same string number, then these are called open
segments of that string and are assigned a segment number
POLYGON > closed string Represented as a circle, square or any

Polygon irregular polygon. A closed string has first and last co-ordinate the same.
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Strings Directions
In survey applications it is more common to deal with open strings which define discontinuous features, as are found in open
pits. Engineers and geologists tend to be more involved with closed strings, such as bench crests, ore outlines etc. Such closed
strings may be assigned a thickness and can therefore be used in calculation of both areas and volumes.
String direction is important for area and volume calculations:
Clockwise: it represents a positive area, which is an area of inclusion
Anti-clockwise: it represents a negative area, which is an area of exclusion
If an anti-clockwise closed segment of a string is contained within a clockwise closed segment, the combination of the two is the
area between the two segments
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Strings Structure
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Each line in a string file is called a record.

Header contains data relating to the whole string file such as the location code, date formed and the purpose.
The second line contains the axis record. This is a two-point line used in some sectioning functions. For many string files this is not
required; when it is not required, values of zero are used for all coordinates. The rest of the records in a string file contain points on
the strings, with each record having structure.
STRING NUMBER , Y , X , Z , POINT DESCRIPTIONS
Each field is delimited by a comma.

Records containing zeros in all of the first four fields indicate the end of a segment or string. The final record in the string file is a
line with a string number of zero and END in the descriptor field.
Non-coordinate information of each point are stored in the description field. One point has up to 100 description fields (D1,D2,D3
.D100), they may be generally referred to as D fields and are delimited by commas.
Information stored in D fields is: Assay values, Specific gravity, etc. Each description field may be 32 characters long with a
combine length of 512 characters including the commas
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String Axis
Commonly the Y, X and Z fields hold the northing, easting and elevation, but depending on how the string file was formed, this
may not be so.
It is a simple matter of swapping fields in order to change the views.

Axis
The axis is stored as the second record in a string file. It is used when taking sections through a DTM using the Section DTM
function. The sections are taken perpendicular to the axis line.
The axis record contains two sets of co-ordinates identified as string number zero, defining a 3-dimensional axis which is used
when taking sections. If no axis has been defined, this record will hold zeros.
The rest of the records in a string file contain points on the strings, with each record having the following structure.
The axis may be defined using a text editor to add the co-ordinates to the axis record of the string file. If no axis is defined, i.e.
the axis length equals zero, then you will be prompted to enter a temporary axis when running the Section DTM function.
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Strings Model Name Dale Blank item

0,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000
ssi type
Layer number Y X Z Layer name

-------
This is the structure of text string file
0,0.000,0.000,0.000, ( Separator line)

0,0.000, 0.000, 0.000.,END
String File Structures: The core data is

point coordinate values with single
precision and Y, X, Z" order. It is
separated by lines by words "0.000,
0.000. 0.000
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Ranges 27
It refers to groups of data numbers, such as strings, segments and points

The comma (,) means (TO) is used for a range, which include start, an end and optionally increment
The following format is used to specify such a range in Surpac:
<start>,<end>,<increment>
Example: 1,9,2 from 1 to 9 with increment of 2 1,3,5,7,9
When increment is 1, you can use <start>,<end> without specifying the increment
Ranges where consecutive values have irregular spacing are accommodated by separating values in the range by semicolons
(;) means (AND) Example: 4200;4225;4500 4200 and 4225 and 4500
Data values Range Description
12345678 1,8 from 1 to 8, at an increment of 1 (implied)
1357 1,7,2 from 1 to 7, at an increment of 2
2000 22000 2400 20,002,400,200 from 2000 to 2400, at an increment of 200
16 1;6 1 and 6
269 2;6;9 2 and 6 and 9
234569 2,6;9 from 2 to 6 at an increment of 1 (implied) and 9
25 50 60 70 80 90 25;50,90,10 25 and from 50 to 90 at an increment of 10
3 6 9 12 15 20 30 3,15,3;20;30 from 3 to 15, at an increment of 3 and 20 and 30
5 10 15 20 40 50 60 5,20,5;40,60,10 from 5 to 20, at an increment of 5 and from 40 to 60, at an increment of 10
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Open and Edit String Files 28
String Files can be opened with any Text Editor, but being comma delimited are difficult to read. Make Excel your Default Program
for viewing str (txt) files. Customise > Default Preferences and go to Files
As you can have up to 100 description fields marked with D1, D2, D3, ... D100 it can become very difficult to remember their
meaning. However you can manually enter and save them as far as you use an ASCII editor. Dont save string files with Excel as the
internal structure is destroyed and Surpac treats all fields as one.
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Import Data from Text File
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Managing Data in Layers
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Layer is an area in memory which contains data displayed in graphics

Layers can contain strings from one or more string files
You can also append data from different files into one layer and create a new file
When Surpac starts it creates an area in memory called Surpac Work Area (SWA). All data that is displayed in graphics is stored
within one or more layers, which are located within the SWA
By default, SWA contains one layer called the main graphics layer
You can also create a new layer using the New button on the Layer pane
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Managing Data in Layers
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Append selected file(s) into current layer

Hold Ctrl down while dragging file into Graphics. Ctrl
We see on the graphic
Replace data in current layer with selected file(s)

Hold Shift down while dragging file into Graphics Shift We see on the graphic
No rescale of data dragged into graphics
- Hold Alt down while dragging file into Graphics Alt
Append more than one file to active layer
- Use shift or ctrl to highlight required files and hold ctrl down while dragging files into Graphics
To clear all data from graphics use the Reset Graphics icon
Multiple Viewports
Split horizontally
Split vertically
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Saving file/files
File > Save > String/DTM
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Display Data
The Display menu allows you to nominate how to display your data
Display
on screen
Hiding or Erasing data is not editing. If Data is not displayed, it can

still be saved to a file.
When using Autoplot, Erased strings will not be plotted.
Hide
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Changing string attributes
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Style files control how strings, digital terrain models and solid models (DTM files) are displayed
With style files you can specify many attributes (line colour, marker size and drawing methods)
Every time you save a string file, the associated styles file is also saved so that when the string file is next opened, it will
automatically use the correct styles. Default styles file is styles.ssi
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Selecting Data
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The most efficient way of performing most graphical operations in Surpac is to select data first and then perform operation on it (data-
centric operation).
Four different tools used:

Select mode
Point/Triangle mode
Segment/Trisolation mode
String/Object mode
Box Selection
Once point or triangles have been selected you can:
Right-click to display a pop-up menu of options
Orbit View Tool:
Press the Delete key to delete item
Quick way of changing the graphics mode from data-centric to
function-centric Invoke the appropriate function
Default graphics mode, where you can rotate data in 3D
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Inquire
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Quickly access to the information about the data displayed on screen with the results displayed in the message window.
Point properties - returns point attribute information, string, segment and point
number, y,x,z coord, description fields.
Bearing & Distance between two points - Gradient reported controlled by
design gradient method. Change to report angle, ratio or percentage.
Segment properties
Cursor coordinates
Report Layer Extents Returns min and max values of the layer
Tip: Sometimes the message window also

contains information such as coordinates of
selected points or properties of files in graphics.
You can copy this information and paste it into text
files or documents
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Digitising
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A common way of inputting data into Surpac is to digitize. By using the

Create Digitize menu or the toolbar.
The elevation of any current digitizing may be defined in properties (digitiser string
attributes) Any digitizing you do can always be edited using the Editing functions
New Icons on base of menu:

Undo and redo will not stop the
Right-click displays a new menu digitiser
Close polygon
Start new string
Digitise midpoint
The middle and right mouse buttons (and mouse wheel) now perform their viewer
behaviours (for example, pan and zoom) during digitizing or graphical selection.
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Digitising Shortcuts
DIGITISE context menu additions.
Five toolbar buttons have been added to the bottom of the DIGITISER DIGITISE context
menu:
UNDO (Ctrl+Z)
REDO (Ctrl+Y)
DIGITISER CLOSE SEGMENT (0)
DIGITISER END SEGMENT (-) and
DIGITISER NEXT STRING (+)
DIGITIZE MIDPOINT (/)
The accelerator keys are shown in the tooltips.
When using DIGITISER DIGITISE, using these buttons runs the specified function and then
re-invokes DIGITISER DIGITISE so that digitising can continue.
TIP: Dont create any points between the drillhole sections. Points will be inserted when segments are normalised
Note: Move the cursor up and down to see that the selected point will snap to the drillhole.
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Dynamic Grid (Shortcut DGO)
A new Dynamic 2D Grid function has been added to Surpac. Grid lines and
labels change dynamically when you use zoom in/out using mouse wheel.
The grid is displayed when in PLAN, SECTION and LONG SECTION
views. Only panning and zooming are possible in 2D mode. No rotation is
possible once the dynamic grid has been activated.
Note: This grid can be turned

off using the ERASE GRID or
ERASE 3D GRID functions.
2D or 3D control is managed through the
(Shortcut ERG)
Default Preferences > Viewer settings.
Lock the Dynamic Grid when digitising and modelling on sections
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Editing Data
3DS.COM/GEOVIA Dassault Systmes | Confidential Information | 6/3/17 | ref.: 3DS_Document_2012 40
Provides tools for making permanent changes to your data.

modifying string files to suit your needs
modifying survey pick ups
creating new string files
Layer Editing
All data within the active layer is affected.
String Editing
All points on all segments of the selected string(s)
Segment Editing
All points on a selected segment
Point Editing
Only the selected point
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Edit Conventions
Only points in the Active layer can be edited.
Join: Joins the end of the first selected segment to the start of the second selected segment. (Display strings with string
numbers, Surpac always displays the string number at the start of each segment.)
Close: Joins the end of the segments back to its start.
Break after a point: The selected segment is broken into two segments.
When clicking on a line between two points to break, Surpac

snaps to the nearest point in the line and breaks after that
point. If the mouse snaps to point 26, the segment will break
between points 26 and 27.
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Importing Data Format
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Surpac has its own file formats, however support is offered to files from other software packages.
There are two methods for reading or writing these files:
1. Using the importing/exporting tools

2. Using the plug-ins module:
Data is dragged and dropped into the Surpac workspace
. Data remains in its native format when manipulated
. Data can be saved in any of the other formats
. Data can be converted into any of the other formats without opening the file
. Plugins are constantly maintained as other software companies update their own format
. Conversion of the following file types is available in Surpac 6.3: ArcInfo shape files (.shp), Autocad files (.dxf, .dwg), Datamine
files (.dm, .asc, .ddf, .dat), Gemcom GEMS files (.3dr, .bt2, .tie, .abp, .stl), Vulcan files (.dgd, .00t), Microstation files (.dgn),
Minesight files (.msr), Mapinfo files (.tab, .mif).
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File Tools
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A file tools module is a collection of functions for manipulating and creating string files
String maths
Apply a boundary string

Classify strings
2D transformations
Polygon intersections
String Maths:
Allows you to manipulate string file data mathematically
Some of the uses of this function:
Interchanging Y, X, Z and description fields
Applying various mathematical functions to individual fields
Setting individual fields to a constant or to the value of another field
Calculating areas, length and directions of segments
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DTM Files (Digital Terrain Model)

Based on triangulation of points and lines
Can store any data associated with the surfaces and the solid objectives
Volume calculation are possible between DTMs

Contours can be generated
Makes realistic visualization possible and
Coloring by attribute data or elevation
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DTM Files - Tips

DTMs must come from String data
DTMs are made of triangles, with each point of each triangle

matched to a point in the original file DTM files are not valid without the
DTM file cannot be opened if the original string file of the original string files!
same name is not accessible.
DTMs cannot fold back on themself DTMs cannot have multiple Z values for given Y and X coordinate
It is not possible to model overhanging or vertical surfaces
DTM handle
String Object Object ID
Segment Trisolation Trisolation ID
Point Triangle
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3DM Three Dimensional Digital Model

is a solid formed by wrapping a DTM around the strings
defines an object with a set of non-overlaping (in 3D) adjecent triangles

most common use: to define the boundary of an orebody
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Creating DTMs
certain conditions when creating DTM
DTM from any string file
LOG file
to be valid, both the DTM and STR file must exist
no possible to calculate volume if break lines exist in DTM
Viewing of DTM: By elevation
Colour smoothing removed
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Light On
to artificially illuminate the data displayed on the screen
surface rendering and shading will be applied
up to 3 light sources may be inserted

the light rays are parallel
position of the light is defined as a vector
e.g. Y=0, X=0, Z=1 defines illumination from directly above the data
View > Surface view options > Lighting options
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Light On Settings
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Setting up lights in 3 directions ensures any surface or solid will be properly illuminated when rotated on the screen.
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Creating DTMs
Breakline strings are those strings which represent physical features that you
can see in the real world e.g. crest of a pit, a fault in a geological model, a
contour.
If a string file has been formed correctly, then no breakline strings will cross
over other breakline strings, unless the two strings cross at a common point.
1- Create from Layer (graphic based method) 2- Create from file function (File based method)
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Colour DTMs by dip
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Colouring DTM triangles by dip value is useful for geological and geotechnical design. For example you want to design your
pit slope at a maximum acceptable angle. Or you want to highlight areas within your orebody where local roll-over structures
are present and possibly marking dilational areas.
Start with Display > Surface or solid with colour banding. In Banding Type, select using algebraic expressions.
Colour Expression Label Result
Triangles with a dip equal to 0 degrees are coloured
cyan dip = 0 0
cyan.
Triangles with a dip greater than 0 degrees and less
blue dip>0&&dip<=20 >0<=20
than or equal to 20 degrees are coloured blue.
Triangles with a dip greater than 20 degrees and
green dip>20&&dip<=50 >20<=50 less than or equal to 50 degrees are coloured
green.
yellow dip>50&&dip<=75 >50<=75 less than or equal to 75 degrees are coloured
yellow.
pink Dip>75&&dip<=80 >75<=80
less than or equal to 80 degrees are coloured pink.
red dip>80&&dip<=90 >80<=90
less than or equal to 90 degrees are coloured red.
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Strings over DTM

This function allows you to lay strings over a DTM. This allows you to create a string which follows exactly the relief in the DTM. In
addition you may create new points wherever a string intersects a triangle side. Some of the common reasons for overlaying
strings on a DTM are:
to transfer the elevations of a DTM into the Z field of a string file, e.g. after digitising in some surface features, this function
may be used to assign the correct elevations to the digitised features.
to obtain the difference in elevation between two surfaces for the subsequent generation of isopach (thickness) contours.
to obtain stripping ratios of overburden thickness to seam thicknesses.
to overlay a grid string onto a DTM to generate a three dimensional mesh.
A boundary string may be used to control which points are pressed onto the DTM. From the Surfaces menu, select DTM File
functions, then Drape strings over a DTM to invoke the function.
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Drape a String over a DTM
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Surface Tools - Clip or Intersect DTMs
3DS.COM/GEOVIA Dassault Systmes | Confidential Information | 6/3/17 | ref.: 3DS_Document_2012 54
it gives you the line of contact where two DTM's intersect

the line is saved to a string file
can create a solid by intersecting two DTMs
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DTM Volume Calculations

Volume boundary string has to be created or identified
Boundary string will limit the volume of the 2D area
Boundary string must be a closed string

Two methods available for calculating the volumes:
DTM Cut and Fill volume
Reports positive (cut) and negative (fill) volumes separately
It is recommended method for calculating the volumes
This is the recommended method of calculating DTM volumes.
Net DTM Volumes
It is useful for automatic saving of the calculated volume, stope areas of DTMs...
For calculation uses both positive and negative volumes within the boundary string
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DTM Volume Calculations

A critical step in the calculation of volumes is to create or identify a volume boundary string. The boundary string limits
the volume to the two dimensional area enclosed by the boundary string. The boundary string must be a closed string.
You will use the boundary string in either of the two methods available for calculating volumes.
Results in boundary string
slope area of first DTM
slope area of second DTM (only if 2 DTMs are used)
area of boundary segment
volume between 2 DTMs (or between the first DTM and datum plane z=0)
average thickness (volume/area of boundary segment)
total of first quality parameter (if used)
average value of the first quality parameter (only if used)
total of the second quality parameter (only if used)
average value of the second quality parameter (only if used).
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DTM Volume Calculation cont.

Calculate Cut and Fill Volume between topo1.dtm and pit1.dtm using boundary sting and:
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Clip DTM
DTM triangles can be clipped to prepare DTM for solids modelling or to simply for viewing a file in graphics
The boundary string may consist of any number of closed segments and may contain clockwise and internal anticlockwise
segments (representing pillars or waste volumes)

A clockwise boundary will produce a DTM of the triangles within
that boundary.
An anti-clockwise segment within a clockwise boundary will
create the desired doughnut effect. i.e. nesting of segments is
only meaningful for this function when an anticlockwise segment
is contained within a clockwise outermost segment.
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Contour Extract
59
extracts contour from DTM

stores them in string file for viewing and plotting
by interpolating line segments across all of the triangles than jointing them into continuous string
tools to aid in the visualization of contour type
- drawing shells by specifing number of bands or setting band width
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DTM Contours Graphic Contours
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Contouring
61
The first step in extracting contours from your data is to interpolate the data onto a grid.
You can use the Contouring area submenu to create a grid mesh area for your data.
The recommended way to set up the parameters for a new grid is as follows:
1. Use the 2D Grid function to overlay a 'graphics grid' on the initial data. Use this to
visually estimate candidate values for the Grid Model origin and extents etc
2. Contour by following the steps in the menu. First initialise the grid by selecting the
default settings in Surface > Contouring > Begin Contouring
3. Create the grid settings and boundary outline

4. Select the default or overwrite.
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Contouring Define Area

The grid coverage is represented by 4 points showing
the 4 corners of the grid mesh you have defined. These

4 points are stored in a closed clockwise segment in
the graphics layer grid coverage, and this layer can be
saved to a string file.
You can also use the Surface > Contouring Area >
Edit Existing Area to apply any changes if required.
Only when you have visually confirmed that you have a
grid you are happy with, do you then press the
Process Grid function to begin interpolating into the
grid and extracting contours.
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Contouring Interpolation -ID

GRID INVERSE DISTANCE
This function allows you to fill the Grid Model by inverse distance
interpolations. This function estimates values based on the
weighted values of data points closest to the grid point. The
weighting is the inverse distance of the data point from the grid
point raised to a specific power.
A 2 dimensional ellipse may be used in the estimation process.
The source of the sample data must be from a string file.
You may interpolate either z values or a numeric value form one of the string file D fields (eg gold grade, silver grade).
You may define spatial constraints (eg inside a closed string, above a certain y value etc), to either:
(a) Select a subregion of the sample data to use to fill the grid in this particular pass; or
(b) Select a subregion of the grid to be filled by the sample data in this particular pass.
You will find that by using the spatial constraints and the facility to fill the Grid Model in multiple passes that you can have great
flexibility in modelling complex surfaces, in particular surfaces containing faults.
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Contouring Interpolation - Kriging

GRID KRIGING
This function allows you to fill the Grid Model by kriging interpolations. This function
estimates values based on the weighted values of data points closest to the grid
point. The weighting is the result of kriging the data points to provide the best linear
unbiased estimator.
Before using this function you must have already developed an acceptable
variogram. This is essential since without these parameters the results of the
function will be meaningless.
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Contouring Interpolation
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GRID POLYNOMIAL FIT

The Grid Polynomial Fit function allows you to fill the Grid Model by fitting a polynomial surface to your data points. The function uses a
least squares estimation method to find the best-fit values of the polynomial coefficients for the data. The function then fills the grid using
the fitted polynomial surface to assign values to the grid points.
The Grid Model produced by the Grid Polynomial Fit function will highlight global trends in the input data, it will not necessarily be a good
fit to the individual input data points. The higher (ie quartic and higher) order polynomial surfaces will generally give better fits to the data in
the region of the data itself but extrapolations beyond the initial data boundary should be treated with caution for these polynomials. The
Grid Polynomial Fit function will work well on most data distributions, but it will generally give it's best results when the input data is
reasonably regularly spaced. If you decide you wish to enforce a regular spacing by interpolating the original input data onto a grid before
applying the function, you should use one of the other grid filling methods (eg inverse distance or kriging) to create a preliminary grid and
then use this grid as data for filling a new grid by polynomial surface fitting.
GRID TRIANGULATION
The Grid Triangulation function allows you to fill the Grid Model by linear triangulation. The function creates a delaunay triangulation of the
initial data (similar to a DTM surface), then for each point in the grid finds the triangle that the point is inside and uses linear interpolation on
the three triangle vertices to estimate the value at the grid point.
As mentioned above, the Grid Triangulation function creates a delaunay triangulation of the initial data. This triangulation will not
encompass the whole grid. Therefore the Grid Triangulation function will only fill in that portion of the grid which is inside the area of the
initial data.
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Contour the Interpolated File
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You will see the interpolated points

displayed and ready for contouring.
A new layer will be created with the

contour results.
Index contours allow you to highlight specific intervals

in your contours, that is you can choose to create
contours every 0.5 metres but have the contour at each
1 metre interval drawn in a distinct style (by defining an
index interval of 10). You can choose colour, thickness
and pattern for contours and index contours. You can
also label the contours and index contours with the
contour value, this is done by defining the frequency (in
terms of distance along the contour) and size of the
value labels.
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Drape an Image over DTM
67
This function permits you to apply advance rendering technique to DTMs and 3DMs by draping an image file over the
model
Useful function when:

An areal photograph has been scanned and saved in a GIF file and you wish to drape it over a DTM of the surface to
give a photo-realistic representation of the land surface
This technique requires you to digitize a number of control points, known as registration points, in the image and
the DTM
You want to display solid models of orebodies with a texture appropriate for rock type which it represents
Supported formats: .bmp, .cut, .gif, .ico, .iff, .lbm, .jng, .jpg, .koa, .mng, .pbm, .pcd, .pcx, .tiff, ....
From the File menu, select Images, then Drape an image file over a DTM to invoke the function.
Onscreen digitising of historical plans could be done if in advance the correspondent grid is created so the image
could be-rescaled in multiple points to avoid any grid skewness.
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DTM sections
The name of the layer for display must be nominated.

The layer may be a new layer or existing one.
The section outlines of two neighbouring blocks will

overlap each other, possibly stopping viewing of the
outline colour of a specific block. This shrinkage will
contract all outlines by the given amount. The shape will
be kept exactly the same as before.
Shrinkage values should be small (in the range of 0.001 -
0.1) as higher values may cause distortions of the
outlines.
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Save Sections to string file for plotting

This function will save a range of drillhole sections,

object sections, and block model sections that have
been extracted by the slicing planes to a
range of string files.
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Exaggerate Object
To exaggerate the data in any dimension select View scale factors. Note that no changes are applied to the file and the
exaggerated is only in the graphics for viewing purpose.
A very useful exploration tool for with flat areas where subtle ridges marking major shear zones could only be seen be
vertical exaggeration and applying a selected lighting orientation.
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Viewing Planes
The display of the sectioning planes is toggled off and on from

Customise > Default Preferences: In the Graphics window
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1

Foundations of SURPAC 6.5.1

Dassault Systmes provides Business & People

Global Reach, Local Presence

Starting Surpac and modifying Surpac Desktop Icon

2. Right-click the new Surpac icon, and select Properties.

Training Surpac 6.3

subsequent files are saved and picked up.

Menu Bar: drop down menus

Many graphical operations are quicker and easier

to load it into graphics

Data in black can be changed. Values in grey cannot be changed

Status Bar and Message Window

You can get the

Tips and Hints

2007design.str 2007design .str

In Surpac, POINT, LINE, POLYGON are called STRING

POLYGON > closed string Represented as a circle, square or any

Each line in a string file is called a record.

Each field is delimited by a comma.

It is a simple matter of swapping fields in order to change the views.

Strings Model Name Dale Blank item

Layer number Y X Z Layer name

0,0.000,0.000,0.000, ( Separator line)

String File Structures: The core data is

It refers to groups of data numbers, such as strings, segments and points

Layer is an area in memory which contains data displayed in graphics

Append selected file(s) into current layer

Replace data in current layer with selected file(s)

Hiding or Erasing data is not editing. If Data is not displayed, it can

Four different tools used:

Default graphics mode, where you can rotate data in 3D

Tip: Sometimes the message window also

A common way of inputting data into Surpac is to digitize. By using the

New Icons on base of menu:

Note: This grid can be turned

Lock the Dynamic Grid when digitising and modelling on sections

Provides tools for making permanent changes to your data.

When clicking on a line between two points to break, Surpac

1. Using the importing/exporting tools

Apply a boundary string

DTM Files (Digital Terrain Model)

Volume calculation are possible between DTMs

DTM Files - Tips

DTMs are made of triangles, with each point of each triangle

It is not possible to model overhanging or vertical surfaces

3DM Three Dimensional Digital Model

defines an object with a set of non-overlaping (in 3D) adjecent triangles

Viewing of DTM: By elevation

Colour smoothing removed

up to 3 light sources may be inserted

View > Surface view options > Lighting options

Strings over DTM

it gives you the line of contact where two DTM's intersect

DTM Volume Calculations

Boundary string must be a closed string

DTM Volume Calculations

DTM Volume Calculation cont.

segments (representing pillars or waste volumes)

extracts contour from DTM

3. Create the grid settings and boundary outline

Contouring Define Area

the 4 corners of the grid mesh you have defined. These

Contouring Interpolation -ID