Reservoir

Geomechanics
MSc. CAHUANA ALARCON OSCAR
Petroleum System
Source rock
South America source rock distribution
Reservoir
Porosity () is the void space in a rock.

It is commonly measured as either a volume percentage or a fraction (expressed

as a decimal)

Pore volume
= x 100
Rock volume
Reservoir associated
concepts
Water saturation (Sw %)
Subsurface rocks mainly contain water in their pore space. But if a
mature source rock is nearby, oil and gas will displace water, but not
totally. It means that not all of the available pore space is filled with
petroleum. A certain amount of formation water always remains.

Recovery factor (RF %)

Oil and gas accumulate within a porous and permeable reservoir.
However, less than 60%, and sometimes as low as 10% of the oil in the
ground (oil-in-place) and 70% to 90% of the gas-in-place has proved
economically recoverable by modern technology.
For a rock to be a petroleum reservoir, it need only be porous, i.e.
capable of holding petroleum. For a rock to be an economically viable
petroleum reservoir the rock must be permeable; that is, able to flow
petroleum.

Permeability is the property of a rock that determines how easily a fluid can
pass through it. It is the material constant in Darcys Law which describes the
parameters controlling flow rate:

= volumetric flow rate

. .
= permeability


= P
= fluid viscosity

= cross-sectional area

= length

P = pressure drop
In the petroleum industry, the Darcy (D) is the standard unit of permeability,
but millidarcies (1 millidarcy (mD)= 10-3 D) are more commonly used.
Top Seal/ Cap Rock
Top seal is usually a fine-grained impervious
rock that prevents the oil migrating to the
surface, which happens in many parts of the
world -leading to natural oil seeps. Seal is
also known as cap rock
Trap
Generation
Migration
Principal Stress Tensor
Components of a Geomechanical
Model
Complex Stress State Surrounding
Salt Domes
Schematic Stress Contours
Anderson Classification of Relative
Stress Magnitudes
Relative Stress Magnitudes and
Faulting Regimes
Range of Stress Magnitudes at
Depth
Calculating the Vertical Stress, Sv