State In India Labour discipline can be described as a method of instruction to a particular set of people in order to extract a considerable amount of work done with minimum fallout risks in the sphere of discipline. However the term discipline also incorporates the concepts like division of labour, improvement of labour conditions and work upliftment and work sophistications. Soviet Union The concept genesised during the early soviet era after the Bolsheviks revolution and reached its peak during the period of man with iron fist i.e. Joseph Stalin. The labours were forced with heavy physical workload and were denied of any privileges specially the conditions worsened during the Great War and cold war period where people died of exhauster. The definition of labour discipline changed drastically during such periods. Initially it was defined as obligations a labour has to fulfil for the state and has to compulsorily pay with his life upon its violation. In the soviet era it was use as a tool to derive the most from labour force. Whereas in other school of thought the disciple was given a much more positive outcome. Western School Whereas in other school of thought the disciple was given a much more positive outcome. Sophistication of work, labour benefits were recognised as the key concepts. And these concepts still play in function in the contemporary India as now these are provided through the trade unions and labour beneficial organisations. Capitalism and Feudalism In developing society that has a majority of labour class or middle class, where the worker is forced to sell his labour to the capitalist, labour discipline is compulsory in nature. During these times labour discipline, due to the presence of prototype of capitalism, became an obligation rather than an enforced will of the instigator. Difference between the new and old definition of labour discipline The labour in order to preserve its job has to follow a certain code of conduct and work rules. He has to fulfil these obligations of discipline to sustain his job. However, he now has the right to voice his griefs and problems and his act of not following the rules and regulations due to the injustice (at any aspect) committed by the employer was considered his right, unlike in the previous century, where refusal to work due exploitation by the employers was considered as a crime and act of indiscipline. Cond. In India During the initial phases i.e. post- independence, due to strict adherence of capitalist regime, the labour force has seen the labour discipline as a new hope for better living conditions. The labour force expected a rise in wages and decline in work or man hours as previously, due to the exploitation committed by feudal lords and British contractors the best example for such were the coal & iron industries in bihar and cotton and textile industries in State of Bombay. Later during the invocation of nationalisation in later 1970s and introduction of socialism in the Indian political structure for a little period of time faced negative discipline where the stress lied more on punishment rather than co operation. The workers are given warning and the objective is to establish fear thorough punishment .the worker is not instigated to work, but deterred from doing or wrongly doing or doing against instructions. Trade Union The government realised that it will lead to serious production backlogs and hence forth establishment of national trade union and a new labour union structure would help regulate the labour discipline in India both in a worker and employers friendly way. . In India code of discipline was evolved in broad outline at the 15th Indian labour conference held in 1957. It brought a revolutionary change to the belief of labour discipline in India. Current Issues Almost all issues that revolve around the sphere of labour discipline the political involvement in labour unions is the most foremost issue that disturbs the labour discipline in an industry. These political parties have nothing constructive to offer, instead, use unions to spread their political agenda. Furthermore, decisions related to unions are made by politicians. A serious defect of the trade union movement in India is that the leadership has been provided by outsiders especially professional politicians. Leaders being affiliated to one or the other party, the unions were more engrossed in toeing the lines of their political leaders than protecting workers interests. The most prominent example for this is the politics of west Bengal both pre and post -communist party era where such influence was used to create serious strikes and hartals to gain political benefits. Conclusion two major piecesof legislation, namely the Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act 1946 and Industrial Disputes Act 1947.These legislative measures have been further solidified by a host of legal Decisions of various courts and awards over a period of time. As a result, employers in the country in general feel that they are on the receiving end, as illustrated by this statement: under the existing laws it has become almost impossible to take any disciplinary action against workers even in cases of gross misconduct.... Under the present laws, the management has to prove every misconduct ... .It would be against natural interest to make the worker feel that he is immune to disciplinary action. " The legal protection thus can be considered as a strong point of the disciplinary system in the country when viewed from the perspective of social justice. However, the procedure has become so elaborate that it is almost impossible for the legal machinery to provide relief quickly. Only when a large number of employers and employee representatives accept this reality will Indian enterprises be able to move in the direction of positive disciplinary procedures, which unfortunately will not be in the very near future. Until such time, reliance on the legal system will continue to be a predominant feature of