Dr.B.C.

ROY
POLYTECHNIC
DURGAPUR
 A
pre s e n t at i on
ON
mobile network system

PRESENTED BY:
SUDESHNA ROY(1523019)
ESHA SINGH(1523025)
PALLABI CHATTERJEE(1523022)
AMARTYA CHAKRABORTY(1523016)

[DEPT. OF cst 4th sem]

DR.B.C.ROY POLYTECHNIC 5/25/17
CONTENTS:

TOPICS SLIDE.NO

INTRODUCTION 4

BACKGROUND EXECUTION OF A 5
CALL ,TEXT OR DATA
MOBILE SWITCHING CENTRE(MSC) 6-11

NATIONAL INTERNATE 12-18

BACKBONE(NIB)
TRANSMISSION 19-23

EXCHANGE 24-28

DR.B.C.ROY POLYTECHNIC 5/25/17

 INTRODUCTION
In our everyday life, we use a cellphone or telephone to
communicate with each other.
Its very easy just to dial a number from the cell phone to
communicate with other person, but in the background of the
mobile networking system very long and complex process is
running continuously during the overall process of communication.
Today we are going to present the brief idea on the background
process running in the mobile networking system
So lets get started

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How a call, text or data execute?

A call, text or data is executed by following few steps:

MSC:Mobile Switching Centre
NIB:National Internal Backbone
TRANSMISSION
EXCHANGE

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 INTRODUCTION
to
Mobile Switching Centre[MSC]

The MSC is a telephone exchange that makes the connection between

the mobile user within the network, from mobile users to public
switched telephone network and from mobile user to other mobile
networks.
The MSC also administers handovers to neighbouring base
stations ,keeps a record of the locations of the mobile subscribers,
and is responsible for suscribed services and billing.

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MSC (CONTD..)

Cell Area

Local Area

MSC Area

PLMN

GSM AREA

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 ELEMENTS UNDER MSC:

BSC: it is responsible for allocation of radio resources to a mobile call . It

supervises a no of BTS.
BTS: A BTS consists of an antenna and the radio equipment necessary to
communicate by radio with a Mobile Station (MS). Each BTS covers a defined
area, known as a cell.
GMSC: it is a special kind of MSC that is used to route calls outside mobile
networks.
GSM: it is a wireless telecommunication standard for digital cellular services. It is
the 2nd generation of mobile communication ,GSM is based on TDMA technology.
HLR: it is a data base from a mobile network in which information from all
mobile subscriber is stored

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 ELEMENTS (contd..)
VLR: it contains the exact location of all mobile subscriber
currently present in service area of MSC.the database entry of
the subscriber is deleted when the subscriber leaves the service
area.
NSS: Network switching subsystem(or GSM core network) is the
component of a GSM system that carries out call
switching and mobility management functions for mobile
Phones roaming on the network of base stations.
PLMN: it is any wireless communication system intended to use
by terrestrial subscriber in vehicle or in foot.
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 ELEMENT (Contd..)
IN: it is the standard network architecture, it is intended for
fixed as well as mobile telecom network.
EIR: it is a data base that contains the record of all mobile
station.
MS: it is connected to mobile network using a mobile broadband
adapter, this is terminology of 2g system like GSM.

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DR.B.C.ROY POLYTECHNIC 5/25/17 11
 INTRODUCTION
TO
NATIONAL INTERNET BACKBONE(NIB)

National Internet Backbone has been conceived to provide

Nation-wide connectivity to ISPs as well as customers. NIB
consists of 550 nodes available at almost all the district
headquarters. NIB is connected to VSNL Gateways at 6 locations
i.e. Mumbai, Kolkata, New Delhi, Bangalore, Chennai and
Ernakulam

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 EQUIPMENTS of NIB

Router : To route customer traffic to desired sites.

Remote Access server : To give dialup access to the customer.
LAN Switch : To interconnect Servers, Router and RAS.
Server /Storage : For running various applications

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Asymmetric digital subscriber
line(ADSL)
Asymmetric digital subscriber line, it utilises existing copper for
the phone network. voice signal in 4KHz.
It divides the copper into frequencies used for voice and
frequency used for data via splitter

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DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE ACCESS
MULTIPLEXER(DSLM)
DSLM Houses a large number of DSL modems.

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 MAIN DISTRIBUTION FRAME(MDF)
Copper aggregation point
Terminates local loop

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 HOW INTERNET SUPPLIES TO
COMMON PEOPLE

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DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BNG & BRAS
BNG known as broadband network gateway & BRAS known as
broadband remote access server.
Basically they are same thing, previously it was called BRAS but
now it is called BNG.
Simply when someone power his/her computer, his computer
sends info to BNG router & BNG talks with other elements in the
internet provided company, to check if there is their real client
or not, paid money etc(radius server)
If all ok, some other machine bigs BNG an IP address ,now the
person can access the internet.
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 INTRODUCTION TO TRANSMISSION
Transmission means transferring of data between two devices.
There are 3 types of transmission mode.
TRANSMISSION

HALF FULL
DUPLEX DUPLEX

SIMPLEX

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 INTRODUCTION TO TRANSMISSION
(CONTD)

CPU DIRECTION
OF DATA MONITOR
SIMPLEX MODE

Direction of data 1
COMPUTER COMPUTER
HALF DUPLEX
Direction of data 2

COMPUTER Direction of DATA COMPUTER

FULL DUPLEX

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 TRANSMISSION MEDIUM

GUIDED:
Twisted pair: it is most commonly used and is most cheaper than others.
Coaxial cable: it contains two conductor that are parallel to each other,
copper is used in it and is surrounded by PVC.
Fiber Optic: this is similar to coaxial cables .it uses electric signal to
transmit data. At the centre is the glass coat through which light
propagates. In single mode fiber the thickness is 8 to 10 microns. The
core in the cable is surrounded by glass cladding. this is cover with thin
plastic jacket to protect the cladding. optic fiber ,its bandwith is more
than 2gb/sec.

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 TRANSMISSION MEDIUM
(contd..)
UNGUIDED:
Radiowave :frequency in between 10KHz to 1GHz.
Microwave: it travels at higher frequency than radio wave. it
operates in system with low GHz range
Infrared:IR wireless is the use of wireless technology in devices
or systems that convey data through infrared (IR) radiation.

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 MULTIPLEXER(MUX)
A MUX is a device which allows one input signal to be selected
within a signal device.In telecommunication some types of MUX
are used two of them are PMUX & VMUX.
PMUX: it is the primary MUX, & its speed is 64Kbps.
VMUX: it is the versatile MUX,& its maximum speed is 2mbps.

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 INTRODUCTION
TO
EXCHANGE
A telephone exchange is a telecommunication system used in
the public switched telephone network or in large enterprises.
An exchange consists of electronic components and in older
systems also human operators that interconnect (switch)
telephone subscriber lines or virtual circuits of digital systems to
establish telephone calls between subscribers. It is also known as
brain.

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 TYPES OF CALL
LOCAL
STD:SUBSCRIBER TRUNK DIALER
ISD: INTERNATIONAL SUBSCRIBER DIALING

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What is the Actual Process behind
the call
MANUAL: In early days, the customer call and asks
the operator to connect the call to a requested number, then the
operator ask for the requested no, for communication between
customers. Then both the operator connects the call by plugging
the ringing cord into the jack on.
AUTOMATIC: Nowdays the above mentioned method is
performed by switches. All calls are being set up between
switches.

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What is the Actual Process behind the call
(contd)
Here is an example :
Suppose you are calling +91-821-4567891 (cell no of India)
So, when the call is being processing.. The switches will ignore
the dial code ,i.e. +91 because you are in India and you are
calling someone within India.. Switch just consider the location
code, here its is 821(code of Mysore) the switch send the call to
Mysore and at the Mysore switch, it will consider the rest of the
number which belongs to the receiver.
This is how a call is made

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 Speech encoding
Speaking frequency of human=(400Hz to 4000KHz)
Hearing frequency of human=(20Hz to 2000KHz)
Message frequency 2*4000Hz
8000 sample/packets per sec
each sample 1bit
64000 bit/sec

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 CONCLUSION
From this presentation we conclude the background process of
calling , and data. The future aspects is to develop some new
ways in which this telecommunication becomes more easy and
reliable.

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 THANK YOu

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 THE END

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