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RK2000

Transformer Rectifier
Control
Components
Features
Functions

Precipitator operating and optimizing


products
How An ESP Does Its Thing
Particle Charging
How An ESP Does Its Thing
(Cont..)
How An ESP Does Its Thing
(Cont..)
Purpose of a Transformer Rectifier Control System

To provide a source of negative high voltage


direct current to one or more groups of
discharge electrodes in an electrostatic
precipitator.

To monitor and maximize the high voltage in an


effort to derive the highest collection efficiency
and lowest outlet emissions under varying
process and precipitator conditions.

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High Voltage Flow
A TR Control Must

Sense changes and disruptions in


the precipitator.

Automatically adjust power.

Protect system components.

Reduce stress on the TR.

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Major System Components
Keypad and Display Unit
Interface Unit
Interface Communications Cable
Current Transformer
Potential Transformer
Secondary Signal Conditioning
Resistors

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Major System Components
Keypad and Display Unit
Interface Unit
Display
Interface Communications Cable
Backlit Liquid Crystal (LCD)
Current Transformer
Potential Transformer
Alphanumeric
Four Lines of Text
Secondary Signal Conditioning
Resistors Twenty Characters per line

Precipitator operating and optimizing


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Precipitator operating and optimizing
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Major System Components
Keypad and Display Unit
Interface Unit
Keypad
Interface Communications Cable
Sixteen Key
Current Transformer
Potential Transformer
Tactile Feel
Hermetically Sealed
Secondary Signal Conditioning
Resistors Dual Function
Parameter Selection
Numeric Selection
Individually Labeled

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Precipitator operating and optimizing
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Major System Components
Keypad and Display Unit
Interface Unit
Receives and Stores Programming
Interface Communications Cable
Instructions from the Keypad &
Current Transformer Display Unit
Potential Transformer Receives All Analog Feedback
Signals
Secondary Signal Conditioning
Resistors Produces the SCR Firing Signals
Contains Manual Control
Contains LED Indicators
Contains the ID Switches

Precipitator operating and optimizing


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Precipitator operating and optimizing
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Major System Components
Keypad and Display Unit
Interface Unit
Interface Communications Cable
Current Transformer
Runs Between The Keypad &
Potential Transformer
Display Unit and the Interface Unit
Secondary Signal Conditioning
Resistors
Can Run Between Many K & D Units
and Many Interface Units
One-to-One Configuration
One-to Many Configuration

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Major System Components
Keypad and Display Unit
Interface Unit
Interface Communications Cable
Current Transformer
Provides 0 to -5 Volt Signal
Potential Transformer
Proportional to 0 to Rated Primary
Secondary Signal Conditioning
Current
Resistors
Calibrated Once per Individual
Control for Specific Current Rating

Precipitator operating and optimizing


products
Major System Components
Keypad and Display Unit
Interface Unit
Interface Communications Cable
Current Transformer
Provides 0 to 20 Volt Signal
Potential Transformer
Proportional to 0 to 600 Volt Rated
Secondary Signal Conditioning
Primary Voltage
Resistors
No Calibration Required

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Major System Components
Keypad and Display Unit
Interface Unit
Interface Communications Cable
Current Transformer
Potential Transformer
Secondary Signal
Conditioning Resistors
Provides 0 to 5 Volt Signal
Proportional to 0 to rated
Secondary Current
Provides Up to Two 0 to 5 Volt
Signals Proportional to 0 to rated
Secondary Voltage
Calibrate Once per TR for Specific
MA and KV Rating
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Precipitator operating and optimizing
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Precipitator operating and optimizing
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Control Parameters
Primary Voltage Limit
Primary Current Limit
Secondary Voltage Limit
Secondary Current Limit
Peak Secondary Current Limit
Under Voltage Trip & Timer
Phase Back
Ramp Rate
Quench
Pedestal Rate
Process Sense

Precipitator operating and optimizing


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Control Parameters
Primary Voltage Limit
Limits the primary voltage at or
Primary Current Limit below the TR rating to prevent
Secondary Voltage Limit damage to the TR.
Secondary Current Limit
Peak Secondary Current Limit
Under Voltage Trip & Timer
Phase Back
Ramp Rate
Quench
Pedestal Rate
Process Sense

Precipitator operating and optimizing


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Control Parameters
Primary Voltage Limit
Limits the primary current at or
Primary Current Limit below the TR rating to prevent
Secondary Voltage Limit damage to the TR.
Secondary Current Limit
Peak Secondary Current Limit
Under Voltage Trip & Timer
Phase Back
Ramp Rate
Quench
Pedestal Rate
Process Sense

Precipitator operating and optimizing


products
Control Parameters
Primary Voltage Limit
Limits the secondary voltage at or
Primary Current Limit below the TR rating to prevent
Secondary Voltage Limit damage to the TR.
Secondary Current Limit
Peak Secondary Current Limit
Under Voltage Trip & Timer
Phase Back
Ramp Rate
Quench
Pedestal Rate
Process Sense

Precipitator operating and optimizing


products
Control Parameters
Primary Voltage Limit
Limits the secondary current at or
Primary Current Limit below the TR rating to prevent
Secondary Voltage Limit damage to the TR.
Secondary Current Limit
Peak Secondary Current Limit
Under Voltage Trip & Timer
Phase Back
Ramp Rate
Quench
Pedestal Rate
Process Sense

Precipitator operating and optimizing


products
Control Parameters
Primary Voltage Limit
Limits the peak secondary current
Primary Current Limit inrush, when using Intermittent
Secondary Voltage Limit Energization, at or below the TR
Secondary Current Limit rating to prevent damage to the TR.
Peak Secondary Current
Limit
Under Voltage Trip & Timer
Phase Back
Ramp Rate
Quench
Pedestal Rate
Process Sense
Precipitator operating and optimizing
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Control Parameters
Primary Voltage Limit
Allows the trip level and time delay
Primary Current Limit to be adjusted for a short circuit
Secondary Voltage Limit condition.
Secondary Current Limit
Peak Secondary Current Limit
Under Voltage Trip & Timer
Phase Back
Ramp Rate
Quench
Pedestal Rate
Process Sense

Precipitator operating and optimizing


products
Control Parameters
Primary Voltage Limit
Allows adjustment to the power
Primary Current Limit reduction after each spark
Secondary Voltage Limit occurrence.
Secondary Current Limit
Peak Secondary Current Limit
Under Voltage Trip & Timer
Phase Back
Ramp Rate
Quench
Pedestal Rate
Process Sense

Precipitator operating and optimizing


products
Control Parameters
Primary Voltage Limit
Allows adjustment to the rate of
Primary Current Limit power reapplication after each
Secondary Voltage Limit spark occurrence.
Secondary Current Limit
Peak Secondary Current Limit
Under Voltage Trip & Timer
Phase Back
Ramp Rate
Quench
Pedestal Rate
Process Sense

Precipitator operating and optimizing


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Control Parameters
Primary Voltage Limit
Allows the time period where there
Primary Current Limit is no power supplied to the
Secondary Voltage Limit precipitator, after an arc, to be
Secondary Current Limit adjusted.
Peak Secondary Current Limit
Under Voltage Trip & Timer
Phase Back
Ramp Rate
Quench
Pedestal Rate
Process Sense

Precipitator operating and optimizing


products
Control Parameters
Primary Voltage Limit
Allows the power recovery time
Primary Current Limit after an arc, and a quench, to be
Secondary Voltage Limit adjusted.
Secondary Current Limit
Peak Secondary Current Limit
Under Voltage Trip & Timer
Phase Back
Ramp Rate
Quench
Pedestal Rate
Process Sense

Precipitator operating and optimizing


products
Precipitator operating and optimizing
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Control Parameters
Primary Voltage Limit
Automatically rapidly increases
Primary Current Limit power after a process upset
Secondary Voltage Limit condition.
Secondary Current Limit
Peak Secondary Current Limit
Under Voltage Trip & Timer
Phase Back
Ramp Rate
Quench
Pedestal Rate
Process Sense

Precipitator operating and optimizing


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Precipitator operating and optimizing
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Control Methods
Proportional Spark Control
Spark Rate Control
Intermittent Energization (IE)
IE Background Power
IE Optimization
Manual

Precipitator operating and optimizing


products
Control Methods
Proportional Spark Control
Spark Rate Control
Intermittent Energization (IE)
IE Background Power
Allows for precise adjustment of
IE Optimization power correction for each spark as
Manual it occurs

Precipitator operating and optimizing


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Control Methods
Proportional Spark Control
Spark Rate Control
Intermittent Energization
(IE)
Permits the control to choose the
IE Background Power operating parameters based on an
IE Optimization entered spark rate.
Manual

Precipitator operating and optimizing


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Control Methods
Proportional Spark Control
Spark Rate Control
Intermittent Energization
(IE)
Permits power to be turned on and
IE Background Power off in half cycle increments.
IE Optimization Reduces power usage and improves
Manual operation with high resistivity
particulate.

Precipitator operating and optimizing


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Precipitator operating and optimizing
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Control Methods
Proportional Spark Control
Spark Rate Control
Intermittent Energization
(IE)
Allows up to 50% of rated power
IE Background Powerduring off periods in IE. Helps
IE Optimization reduce reintrainment during IE
Manual operation.

Precipitator operating and optimizing


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Control Methods
Proportional Spark Control
Spark Rate Control
Intermittent Energization
(IE)
Monitors the slope of the VI curve
IE Background Power for detection of Back Corona
IE Optimization conditions.
Manual

Precipitator operating and optimizing


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Precipitator operating and optimizing
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Control Methods
Proportional Spark Control
Spark Rate Control
Intermittent Energization
(IE)
Allows for automatic switching to
IE Background Power manual operation if the CPU fails.
IE Optimization Manual switching is also provided.
Manual Operation

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Special Displays
Hold
Averaged
Pre-spark Electrical
Readings
Peak Readings
SCR Conduction Angle

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Special Displays
Hold Freezes the values on the display
for easy recording of electrical
Averaged
levels.
Pre-spark Electrical
Readings
Peak Readings
SCR Conduction Angle

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products
Special Displays
Shows six minute rolling average of
Hold electrical levels instead of
Averaged instantaneous values.
Pre-spark Electrical
Readings
Peak Readings
SCR Conduction Angle

Precipitator operating and optimizing


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Special Displays
Displays electrical levels present
Hold just prior to the last spark.
Averaged
Pre-spark Electrical
Readings
Peak Readings
SCR Conduction Angle

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Special Displays
Displays the Min, Max, and Avg
Hold secondary voltage, and peak
secondary current for plotting VI
Averaged curves.
Pre-spark Electrical Readings
Peak Readings
SCR Conduction Angle

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Special Displays
Displays the SCR conduction angle
Hold eliminating the need for an
Oscilloscope.
Averaged
Pre-spark Electrical Readings
Peak Readings
SCR Conduction Angle

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External Alarm Inputs
Four Independent Inputs
Assignable Alarm Tags
Choice of Trip or Alarm

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External Alarm Inputs
Four Independent Inputs
Assignable Alarm Tags
Choice of Trip or Alarm

Inputs for 4 independent closed


contacts that open to alarm for
such things as TR over
temperature, Low Oil Level, over
pressure, full hopper, etc.

Precipitator operating and optimizing


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Precipitator operating and optimizing
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External Alarm Inputs
Four Independent Inputs
Assignable Alarm Tags
Choice of Trip or Alarm

Alarm names such as High O2, Full


Hopper, High TR Temp, Master Fuel
Trip, and more, can be assigned to
each of the alarm inputs.

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External Alarm Inputs
Four Independent Inputs
Assignable Alarm Tags
Choice of Trip or Alarm

Each of the alarm inputs can be


field programmed to either only
alarm, or to alarm and trip.

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Miscellaneous Functions
Quench Mode
Control Reinitialization
Reduced Power Rapping Level
SCR Imbalance Trip
Soft Start
Automatic Transfer to Manual
Spark Response in Manual
Mode
True RMS Display

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Miscellaneous Functions
Quench Mode The control can be field
programmed to Quench
Control Reinitialization for Arcs only or Arcs and
Reduced Power Rapping Sparks
Level
SCR Imbalance Trip
Soft Start
Automatic Transfer to Manual
Spark Response in Manual
Mode
True RMS Display
Precipitator operating and optimizing
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Precipitator operating and optimizing
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Miscellaneous Functions
When used in
conjunction with a
Quench Mode
rapper control the
Reduced Power Rapping Level power level can be
SCR Imbalance Trip automatically
reduced during
Soft Start special rapping
Automatic Transfer to Manual routines. This helps
with the removal of
Spark Response in Manual Modevery sticky or high
True RMS Display resistivity
particulate.
Control Reinitialization

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Miscellaneous Functions
If an SCR or firing circuit
Quench Mode should fail the control
will automatically detect
Reduced Power Rapping the it and shut down the
Level control. This prevents
damage to the TR due
SCR Imbalance Trip
to half wave operation.
Soft Start
Automatic Transfer to Manual
Spark Response in Manual
Mode
True RMS Display
Control Reinitialization
Precipitator operating and optimizing
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Miscellaneous Functions
On energization the
control automatically
Quench Mode comes up to power
Reduced Power Rapping slowly over a period of 6
Level to 8 seconds. This
prevents rapid loading
SCR Imbalance Trip of the supply system
Soft Start and rapid powering of
the TR.
Automatic Transfer to Manual
Spark Response in Manual
Mode
True RMS Display
Control Reinitialization
Precipitator operating and optimizing
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Miscellaneous FunctionsIf a CPU fails the control
automatically switches
Quench Mode to the manual mode and
Reduced Power Rapping Leveloperates at a field
adjustable power level
SCR Imbalance Trip between 0 and 60% of
Soft Start rated power.
Automatic Transfer to
Manual
Spark Response in Manual
Mode
True RMS Display
Control Reinitialization
Precipitator operating and optimizing
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Miscellaneous Functions
If the Interface Unit CPU
fails, the control
Quench Mode automatically switches to
Reduced Power Rapping the manual mode and
Level
operates at a field
SCR Imbalance Trip adjustable power level
Soft Start between 0 and 60% of
rated power.
Automatic Transfer to Manual
Spark Response in Manual
Mode
True RMS Display
Control Reinitialization

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Miscellaneous FunctionsFor accuracy, the
primary electrical
Quench Mode readings are displayed
Reduced Power Rapping Levelin true RMS rather than
average.
SCR Imbalance Trip
Soft Start
Automatic Transfer to Manual
Spark Response in Manual Mode
True RMS Display
Control Reinitialization

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Miscellaneous FunctionsThe CPU and memory
registers can be reset
Quench Mode for a fresh start in the
Reduced Power Rapping Levelevent of a transient
induced program error.
SCR Imbalance Trip
Soft Start
Automatic Transfer to Manual
Spark Response in Manual Mode
True RMS Display
Control Reinitialization

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Control Circuitry
Its Easier Than It Looks

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Precipitator operating and optimizing
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Types of SCRs

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Precipitator operating and optimizing
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Inside a Transformer Rectifier

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Precipitator operating and optimizing
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Precipitator operating and optimizing
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Precipitator operating and optimizing
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Precipitator operating and optimizing
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