EMIS 510:

Introduction to Information
Technology
EMBA
Department of MIS
University of Dhaka
 Course Outline
4. Input Unit
Keyboard,
Mouse,
Scanner,
OMR,
OCR,
MICR
Barcode reader
Microphone
Joystick
Digital Camera
Light Pen
Track Ball

Ashis Talukder, MIS, DU 2

Input unit: Keyboard
One of the most common input
device
Type: QWERTY
Number of keys: From 102 to
108/110
Function: Primary device for
entering text and numbering
Ashis Talukder, MIS, DU 3
Input unit: Keyboard

Ashis Talukder, MIS, DU 4

Input unit: Keyboard
Description: `QWERTY` keyboard

The name of this keyboard comes from the

first 06 alphabets placed at the top

Keyboard adapter contains `8-bit ASCII

code`

micro- processor sends keystroke through

BUS.

Ashis Talukder, MIS, DU 5

Keyboard
There are 06 types
of keys:
1. Alphanumeric key
2. Modifier key
3. Function Key
4. Numeric Keypad
5. Cursor Movement
Key
6. Special Purpose
Key

Ashis Talukder, MIS, DU 6

Input unit: Keyboard
Description: Alphanumeric keys

It includes over 50 keys consumes most of the area

of keyboard

Ex:
A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I,J,K,L,M,N,O,P,Q,R,S,T,U,V,W,X,Y,Z,
-,=,+,<,>,$,{,[,},@,$,%,^,& etc

Besides there are 04 keys whose have special

purpose like `TAB,ENTER,CAPSLOCK,BACKSPACE`

Ashis Talukder, MIS, DU 7

Input unit: Keyboard
Description: Modifier keys

Some keys modifies the input of other keys

Example:
Shift,
Alt,
Ctrl
Application: In MS Word if you press (Ctrl and A)
immediately then all the written text will be
selected. Here alphabet `A` will be modified due to
Ctrl key.

Ashis Talukder, MIS, DU 8

Input unit: Keyboard
Description: Numeric keypad

Usually located at the right side of the

keyboard like calculator keys

There is a key called `Num Lock`. When it

is off keypad performs as cursor movement

Example: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,0,/,*,.,-,+ etc

Ashis Talukder, MIS, DU 9

Input unit: Keyboard
Description: Function keys

Located at the top row of the keyboard

Usually with this we can input command without

typing long strings

Their function varies with the variation of running

program

There are 12 function keys like F1, F2, F3,..F12

For almost all programs, F1 = Help

Ashis Talukder, MIS, DU 10

Input unit: Keyboard
Description: Cursor-
movement keys

With the help of these

keys we can move the
cursor or Insertion point
according to our desire

Example: keys marked

with arrows

Others are:
Page up, Page down,
Home, End

Ashis Talukder, MIS, DU 11

Input unit: Keyboard
Description: Special purpose key

They are desired to work with `Operating system`

Example: Windows logo key usually used to start

windows operating system

Besides there is another key whose work is as like

as ` Right button` of mouse

Rests are: ESCAPE, INSERT, DELETE, PRINT

SCREEN, SCROLL LOCK, PAUSE

Ashis Talukder, MIS, DU 12

How keyboard works?

Ashis Talukder, MIS, DU 13

How keyboard works?
It's a complex function, described below-
1. Suppose, a key is pressed on keyboard
2. The` keyboard controller` sends the scan
code for that key to the `keyboard buffer`
3. The keyboard controller sends an
`interrupt` request to the system software
4. The `system software` responds to the
interruption.

Ashis Talukder, MIS, DU 14

How keyboard works?
5. The system software can read the
scan code from keyboard buffer
thats why it can respond.
6. The system software passes the
scan code to CPU
7. Then for an input key we can see
the output result

Ashis Talukder, MIS, DU 15

Continuous pressing of key

There is a standard & specific time to

show output for a key ,

when a key is pressed for more than

that time, after a definite time it thinks
that the key has pressed again.

The same steps what it followed starts

to follow again. Thus we see the same
output consecutively.

Ashis Talukder, MIS, DU 16

Input device: Mouse
A mouse is a `pointing device`
An input device that rolls around on a flat surface and controls the
pointer.

Used to control the position of the cursor

There are 02 types of mouse-

Mechanical
Optical

A standard mouse has 02 buttons and a scroll Mechanical mouse

has a ball (also call `ball mouse`) and Optical mouse has 02 light
sources
Mechanical mouse contains a small rubber ball that moves in a hole
in the bottom of the mouses case.
Optical mouse emits a beam of light from its underside and uses
lights reflection to judge the distance, direction and speed of its
travel.

Ashis Talukder, MIS, DU 17

Mouse
The optical mouse actually uses a tiny camera to take
1,500 pictures every second. The mouse has a small, red
light-emitting diode (LED) that bounces light off on the
surface underneath onto a CMOS sensor.

The CMOS sensor sends each image to a digital signal

processor (DSP) for analysis. The DSP is able to detect
patterns in the images and see how those patterns have
moved since the previous image. Based on the change in
patterns over a sequence of images, the DSP determines
how far the mouse has moved and sends the corresponding
coordinates to the Computer.

The computer moves the cursor on the screen based on the

coordinates received from the mouse.

Ashis Talukder, MIS, DU 18

Input device: Mouse

Ashis Talukder, MIS, DU 19

Input device: Mouse
Function:
A mechanical mouse has some sensors
inside it, with the help of ball they are
touched and moved to change the position
of the cursor

An optical mouse has 2 sensory light

sources, the amount of `light reflected`
from surface determine the position of X-Y
axis in the monitor
Ashis Talukder, MIS, DU 20
 Track Ball
Track Pad
Pointers in the keyboard

Ashis Talukder, MIS, DU 21

 A trackball is like a mouse
turned upside-down.
Use your thumb to move the
exposed ball and your fingers
to press the buttons.

Take less space than mouse.

Ashis Talukder, MIS, DU 22

 A trackpad is a touch-sensitive
pad that provides the same
functionality as a mouse.

To use a trackpad, you glide your

finger across its surface.

Trackpads provide a set of

buttons that function like mouse
buttons.

Ashis Talukder, MIS, DU 23

 An integrated pointing
device is a built into the
keyboard.

Users do not need to move

the finger out of the
keyboard while typing.

These devices provide a

set of buttons that
function like mouse
buttons

Ashis Talukder, MIS, DU 24

Mouse Techniques
Single click:
to select any file or folder
Double click:
to open an icon/file/folder
Dragging: (also called Drag-&-drop-editing)
To drag an item and place It in a new position for
further operation
Right click:
Usually opens a shortcut menu which contains
commands and options.

Ashis Talukder, MIS, DU 25

Advantages of mouse

1. To select or open any file or folder

without using cursor movement key

2. Sometimes to input command

without using keyboard

Ashis Talukder, MIS, DU 26

Input device: Scanner
They are mostly used to input prints,
photography etc directly inside the
computer

There are three types of scanner-

1. Flatbed:
2. Hand Held

Ashis Talukder, MIS, DU 27

Scanner
Flat Bed:
Large,
Not Portable: can't be
carried but
a large size image can
be scanned in single
scan
Costly

Ashis Talukder, MIS, DU 28

Scanner
Hand hold:
Small,
Portable: can be
carried but
a large size image can
not be scanned: need
multiple scans
Less Costly

Ashis Talukder, MIS, DU 29

Scanner (How it works?)

Ashis Talukder, MIS, DU 30

Scanner (How it works?)
1. A light source is moved across the page
2. The light bounces of the page & is passed
through a lens..
3. Light sensitive Diodes convert reflected
light into electric signal.
4. Circuit board converts the electric signals
into digital numbers & sends the
information to the computers
5. Overall, sensing the intensity of light
reflection
is important here

Ashis Talukder, MIS, DU 31

Variants of Scanners
The colour scanners use filters to separate
the components into `Primary additive
colours`( RGB- means Red, Green, Blue).

RGB can be combined to produce any type

of other colors.

Image Scanner: Converts any printed

image into electronic form by shining light
onto the image and sensing the intensity of
the lights reflection at every point.

Ashis Talukder, MIS, DU 32

Input device: OCR
Means `Optical Character Reader`

Generally it is used in the banks, with the

help of OCR the complex process of deposit
& withdraw of money can be done easily &
quickly

OCR requires- 01. Specified symbol

02. Specified ink
03. Specified paper

Ashis Talukder, MIS, DU 33

OCR
OCR software can be used to
translate the image into text
that you can edit.
Image is stored at computers
memory as a form of bitmap
that is a grid of dots. Each dot
is represented by one or more
bits.
OCR translate the array of dots
into text.
OCR is extremely complex and
not always 100% reliable.

Ashis Talukder, MIS, DU 34

 OCR (How it works?)
1. Light ray scan the paper and the light is reflected back

2. Reflected ray is converted into electric signal by light

sensitive diodes

3. A circuit board converts the electric signal into digital

numbers and send it to CPU

4. CPU taking data calculate it i.e. addition or deduction of

numbers and show output

Ashis Talukder, MIS, DU 35

Input device: OMR
Means- `Optical Mark Reader`

Generally used to examine the objective

type questions, also do other functions

Requires:
Specified paper
Specified ink

Working procedure is as like as OCR

Ashis Talukder, MIS, DU 36

Input device: MICR
Means- `Magnetic Ink Character Reader`

This system can read data pre-recorded on checks

& deposit slips with a special ferrite-impregnated
ink.

The magnetized character can be read & interpreted

by MICR equipment

Primary means of processing checks

Can read numeric characters and special symbols

printed with magnetic ink

Ashis Talukder, MIS, DU 37

Input device: MICR

Requirements:
Cheque routine symbol
Bankers transit number
Customer account number
Cheque number
Cheque account

Ashis Talukder, MIS, DU 38

MICR: Advantages
Human involvement is minimal
Error chance is less
It is fast, automatic and reliable
If there is any mistake, then
automatic detection of error

Ashis Talukder, MIS, DU 39

Input device: Barcode reader
A device for reading barcodes
of different width and spacing
with same length

Generally used in the

departmental stores &
industries to identify goods

Barcode reader has organized

primarily with a light source &
a light sensor which
connected with the CPU
through cable

Ashis Talukder, MIS, DU 40

 Barcode reader: (How it
works?)
When this machine is on then
the ray falls on the printed bar
& this light ray is reflected

This ray is converted into the

signals which is understable
by the CPU

Then database examine the

incoming data & identify the
products

At last CPU shows result on

monitor or print through
special printer called `POS
printer`
Ashis Talukder, MIS, DU 41
 Sometimes known as
stylus.
Can be used for
writing and pointing.
Writing is difficult.

Ashis Talukder, MIS, DU 42

 Accept input by
allowing the user to
place a fingertip
directly on the
screen.
Use Sensors.
Many technology are
used.

Ashis Talukder, MIS, DU 43

Question...???
Next Class
Course Outline
5. Output Unit
Printer
Monitor
plotter
Speaker

Touch Screen

Ashis Talukder, MIS, DU 46

 Course Outline
6. Memory Unit
Definitions:
Classification
Processor: Registers
Primary: RAM, ROM
Secondary: FDD, HDD, Tape
FDD
HDD
CDROM
DVD ROM
Chache Memory
Virtual memory

Ashis Talukder, MIS, DU 47

Thank You