SOC SCI 11

Philippine History with

Philippine Constitution and Governance
Pre-colonial (Traditional)
Philippines
Civilization
the complex whole which includes knowledge,
belief, art, moral, law, custom, and many
other capabilities and habits acquired by man
as a member of society
Common Traits
Hospitality
Close family ties
Respect for elders
Naturally fatalistic
Loyalty to a friend or benefactor
sensitive
Naturally curious
Regionalistic
cooperative
Early Customs and Practices
Clothing Kangan and bahag; baro/camisa
and saya, patadyong, tapis
House made up of wood, bamboo, and nipa
palm
Social classes (i) nobles (ii) freemen (iii)
slaves
The position of women women as equal of
men
Language more than a hundred, eight of
which may be considered as major languages
Foreign Influences
Hinduization
Sinification
Islamization
 Nation as an
Imagined Community
Benedict Anderson
Imagined Community
1983
IMAGINED - the members of even the smallest
nations will never know most of their fellow-
members, meet them, or even hear of them, yet in
the minds of each lives the image of their
communion
COMMUNITY - regardless of the actual inequality
and exploitation that may prevail in each, the
nation is always conceived as a deep, horizontal
comradeship. Ultimately it is this fraternity that
makes it possible, over the past two centuries, for
so many millions of people, not so much to kill, as
willingly to die for such limited imaginings
Coming of the West
Crusade
Crusaders tasted different spices that cannot
easily be bought in Europe
Venice and Goa merchants the only
merchants who had good relations with the
Sultan of Egypt
Portuguese and Spaniards werent able to join
the trading system
They tried to find other countries rich in spice
Pope Alexander VI
Portugal African route (East)
Spain India (West)
1943 Papal Line of Demarcation
(i) West Spain (ii) Portugal
Magellan
The king of Portugal didnt offer help to
Magellan
He went to King Charles I of Spain
20 September 1519
5 ships, 235 men
1519 Guam
1521 Samar
Sebastian de Cano to Moluccas November
1521
8 September 1522 Spain
Victoria (the only ship left)
Spanish Colonization and
Colonial System
Aims of Spanish Colonization (3Gs)

God chief policy of converting the natives to

Christianity
Gold arose out of the keen struggle among
imperialist European nations to control the
fabulous spices of Mullucas
Glory enhance fame and prestige of Spain
By acquiring the Philippines, Spain became the first
global empire in modern times. King Phillip II was the
first monarch in history to boast with justifiable pride
that the sun never set on Spanish territory, for when it
rose in Madrid, it was still early afternoon of the
preceding day in Manila.
Colonial System
Encomienda System
Polo y Servicios
Awakening
More than 100 revolts against Spain
Lakan Dula, Raha Sulayman, Magat Salamat,
Agustin de Legaspi, Magalat, Bankaw,
Tamblot, Sumoroy, Maniago, Malong,
Dagohoy, Silang, Palaris, Apolinario dela Cruz
Causes of Revolts Against Spain
Economic agrarian disputes with the friars
who grabbed the lands of the natives
(Batangas, Bulacan, Cavite, Laguna)
Religious Spanish religious bigotry; some
wanted to go back to the worship of their
ancestral gods (Igorot, Tamblot, Bankaw,
Tapar, Apolinario dela Cruz)
Historical Factors of National
Awakening
Opening of the Philippines to the World
Emergence of the enlightened middle class
Spanish Revolution of 1868
Opening of the Suez Canal
Secularization Movement
Martyrdom of GOMBURZA
Opening of the Philippines to the World
Prior to 1834, with the exception of Manila-
Mexico contact (1656-1821), the Philippines
was virtually isolated by Spain from world
influence i.e. foreign books (and ideas) were
banned!
Emergence of the enlightened middle
class
Were able to send their children to school
(UST, Ateneo, Letran, Santa Isabel, Santa
Catalina, La Concordia)
Rizal, del Pilar, Paterno, Ponce
Spanish Revolution of 1868

Resulted to the triumph of liberalism in Spain

Led to the restoration of Philippine
representation in the Philippines
Opening of the Suez Canal

17 November 1869
Shortened the sailing distance between
Barcelona and Manila
Facilitated travel and communication
Influx of Liberal Ideas
Enlightened ideas of Rouseau (Social
Contract), Candide (Voltaire)
Filipino intellectuals imbibed the liberal ideas
read
GOMBURZAs martyrdom
Cavite Mutiny of 1872
El Fili Rizals tribute to the Martyrs
Spread of Nationalism
The Propaganda Movement
Since 1872, matters went from bad to worse in
the Philippines deportation of Filipino leaders to
the Spanish penal colonies, persecution of
innocent intellectuals etc.)
Publicity to expose to the Spanish nation and
the world the anomalies of Spanish rule in the
Philippines
Propagandist not revolutionaries who
advocated a bloody revolution against Spain,
they were reformist who desired only reforms
for the better government and for the welfare of
their oppressed people
The Propagandists
Triumvirate Rizal (Laguna); del Pilar
(Bulacan); Lopez Jaena (Iloilo)
Mariano Ponce Medical student, historian,
folklorist
Antonio Luna pharmacist, essayist
Pedro Paterno doctor of law
Jomapa linguist and essayist
Isabelo delos Reyes folklorist, historian
Apolinario Mabini lawyer and political prisoner
Juan Luna
FR Hidalgo
Supporters of the Propaganda
Movement
Ferdinand Blumentritt Austrian scholar
Miguel Morayta Spanish historian, Rizals
professor at Universidad de Madrid
Francisco Pi y Margal Spanish statesman
and former President of the first Spanish
Republic
Reforms Advocated by the Propaganda
Movement
Restoration of Philippine representation in the
Spanish Cortes
Equality before the law
Filipinization or secularization
Establishment of a public school system,
without friar supervision, with qualified
teachers receiving good salaries
Creation of vocational schools of arts and
trades in the capital towns of the provinces
La Solidaridad
Organ of the Propaganda (lived for almost
seven years)
MH Del Pilar Plaridel
Rizal Laong Laan
Mariano Ponce Naning, Tigbalang, Kalipulako
Antonio Luna Taga-Ilog
Ten Commandments of the Friars
Thou shalt worship and love the friars above all.
Thou shalt not cheat them of their stipends.
Thou shalt sanctify the friars, Sundays or holidays.
Thou shall pawn thyself to pay for the burial of thy
father and mother.
Thou shouldst not die if thou hast not the money to
pay for thine internment.
Thou shalt not covet his wife.
Thou shalt not steal with him.
Thou shalt not accuse him even if thou be called a liar.
Though shalt not refuse him your wife.
Thou shalt not deny him your property.
Enemies of the propaganda movement
Fray Miguel Lucio Bustamante wrote the
malicious book in Tagalog language Si
Tandang Basio Maconat (1885) asserted
that the Filipinos are stupid and incapable of
attaining high culture; hence, they should be
happy to love in ignorance
Father Jose Rodriguez and Salvador Font
attackers of Rizals Noli Me Tangere
KATIPUNAN
Andres Bonifacio founded the Katipunan on the
very night that the news of Rizals deportation to
Dapitan leaked out.
7 July 1892 Andres Bonifacio, Valentin Diaz,
Teodoro Plata, Ladislao Diwa, Deodata Arellano
and a few others
Objectives

1. Moral good manners, hygiene, good moral, etc.

2. Political separation of the Philippines from
Spain
3. Civic defense of the poor and oppressed