Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Wiwiek Jumiati
Sifat-sifat Gas Alam
www.downloadpowerpointtemplates.com
Termodinamika:Single-component
system
Two-component system
Two-component system
Multi-component system
Phase Diagram (Basic
Definitions) Definitions:
Cricondenbar
Cricondentherm: the
Cricondentherm temperature above
which two phases do
gas not exist
Additional points:
Temperature
Phase Diagram (Basic Definitions)
Definitions:
Pressure
e in
e) l
e
sur
lin
res
re)
t (p
ssu
pre
oin
(
le-p
int
bb
-po
Bu
D ew
gas
Temperature
Basic definitions
(cont.)
Path A Path B Definitions:
Retrograde condensation:
liquid C
Pressure
gas
Temperature
Reservoir Classification
Oil reservoir
In general
Tres<Tc of
reservoir fluid
Gas reservoir
In general,
Tres>Tc of
reservoir fluid
(hydrocarbon
systems)
Oil Reservoir
Under-saturated oil
reservoir
initial reservoir pressure, pi
> the bubble-point
pressure, pb of the reservoir
fluid
Note
The appropriate quality
line gives the ratio of
volume of liquid (oil) to
volume of gas
Gas Reservoir
Dry gas reservoir
initial reservoir temperature
higher than cricondentherm
temperature (light components)
even at low pressure (separator)
and temperature, fluid is 100%
gas
Retrograde gas-condensate
reservoir
Reservoir temperature lies
between Tc and Tcri (Tc<Tr<Tcr)
PV = nRT
Dimana:
R = Universal gas constant , 10,732 psia cuft/lb-mole oR
n = number of moles of the gas = m/M
m = mass of gas; lb
M = Molecular weight of gas lbm/lb-mol
Standard conditions are generally defined as 14.7 psia and 60 oF.
1 mole of any ideal gas at standard conditions occupies a volume of 379
Cu. ft. or 22.4 litres
Gas Ideal
Persamaan gas ideal diturunkan oleh
kombinasi Charles law dan Boyles law
www.downloadpowerpointtemplates.com
Sifat-sifat gas nyata
PV = z n RT.
Dimana
Sifat fisik gas
Gas alam merupakan campuran gas dimana unsur
utamanya adalah metana; terdiri dari gas hidrokarbon
dan impurities.
Impurities adalah gas yang bukan hidrokarbon seperti
: CO2, H2S, N2 dsb
Sifat fisik gas alam antara lain adalah:
- Berat Molekul
- Densitas
- Specific Gravity
- Faktor Deviasi gas
- Viscositas Gas
- Compressibilitas gas
- Gas Formation Volume Factor dan Expansion Factor
- Water Vapor Content
- Two phase System
- API Gravity
- Gas Gravity
- Z factor
Berat Molekul gas
Contoh:
Jadi PV = m ZRT/M
Sedangkan densitas adalah m/V; sehingga dari
persamaan diatas :
Faktor Deviasi Gas, Z
Pengukuran Z
1. Di laboratorium
2. Grafik korelasi dan persamaan
Pengukuran Z di laboratorium
Penentuan Z berdasarkan Grafik Korelasi / Persamaan
PV = Z n RT
Persamaan Van der Walls
Standard Units of Defined Calorific Values
Barrel of Oil Equivalent (b.o.e.) : a hypothetical barrel of oil
with an average heat content of 5.8 x 106 Btu gross.
Ton of Oil Equivalent (t.o.e.) : a hypothetical ton of oil with
an average heat content of 43 x 106 Btu gross.
Metric Tonne Coal Equivalent (m.t.c.e.) : a hypothetical metric
tonne of coal with an average heat content of 27.337 x 106 Btu
gross, i.e. ( 12,400 Btu/lb x 2204.62 ).
Gas kondensat adalah gas yang berada dalam phase gas di reservoir
dan terkondensasi (sebagian berubah menjadi liquid) di separator.
Temperatur reservoir di atas cricondenterm dari campuran hidrokarbon
www.downloadpowerpointtemplates.com
www.downloadpowerpointtemplates.com
www.downloadpowerpointtemplates.com
www.downloadpowerpointtemplates.com
Contoh soal
www.downloadpowerpointtemplates.com
www.downloadpowerpointtemplates.com
www.downloadpowerpointtemplates.com
www.downloadpowerpointtemplates.com
www.downloadpowerpointtemplates.com
www.downloadpowerpointtemplates.com
Assignment - 1
www.downloadpowerpointtemplates.com
LOGO
Thank You!