Discuss the challenges of equality

of opportunity in education in
Malaysia today.
Include data or relevant
examples to support your
argument.

PRESENTED BY
CHEN HUI YING
Geographical location : Uneven spread of
population, which also creates serious disparities
Population 2017 :
32043505
Level of socio-economic condition
of the family
Total cost of schooling expenditure : school
fees, uniforms, stationaries, pocket money,
transportations, additional learning
opportunities( music, sports etc.)
Parentsoccupation : farmers, fishermen and
etc unable to hired enough manpower
Neighbourhood influence
Students cultural and family background
appreciation towards education

Due to constraints of financial resources, available

time, and parental educational skills, low income
parents often have difficulty becoming active partners
in their childrens education (Hawkins, 2001).
Learners bring their own individual approach or styles,
talents and interests to the uniform learning situation
causing them to lose interest in learning as they are
unable to relate the context, instruction and example
to their prior knowledge and experiences
Gender- Female and Male

In some community belief, tradition and value limit

girls opportunity to go to school or continue their
study to a higher level.
The quota system on certain educational opportunities
limits the intake of certain gender
Society perception on certain courses
Gelombang 2 (2016 - 2020):
Melonjakkan peningkatan sistem
Mengukuhkan program untuk kumpulan berkeperluan khusus seperti
kumpulan peribumi dan minoriti lain, pintar cerdas, dan keperluan khas:
Kumpulan murid, seperti peribumi dan kumpulan minoriti, murid pintar cerdas dan
berbakat serta murid berkeperluan khas biasanya mempunyai keperluan berbeza
yang tidak dapat disediakan sepenuhnya dalam sistem aliran perdana.
Dalam Gelombang 2, Kementerian akan menyediakan pilihan laluan pembelajaran
pintas bagi murid berprestasi tinggi, serta program pintar cerdas dan berbakat bagi
setiap kohort murid yang berada dalam kelompok 1% teratas. Kementerian juga
akan mengukuhkan program sedia ada bagi murid peribumi dan kumpulan minoriti
dan murid berkeperluan khusus, dengan melabur dalam sumber fizikal tambahan
dan sumber pengajaran untuk menambah tempat dan membolehkan
sokongan yang lebih sesuai disediakan bagi memenuhi keperluan khusus
kumpulan murid ini. Kementerian akan meneroka jalinan kerjasama dengan
penyedia perkhidmatan kesihatan dan pusat komuniti untuk menyediakan
sokongan yang lebih holistik kepada murid berkeperluan khas.
Indigenous social-cultural
background : ability to accommodate
and assimilate
Department of Orang Asli Affairs since 1995 : 93 Orang
Asli schools, 6 Penan schools and other primary school
Negative attitude towards childrens education
Attendance is dependent on the seasonal nature of
household chores
Unable to relate the knowledge : Normal curriculum is
applied and used in classroom
Culture shock for students & teacher : Unable to
communicate due to low local knowledge and skills
Special Educational needs
1981, the Ministry of Education adopted the least restrictive
environment policy in providing educational facilities for its
students with special educational needs where school have
classes that cater to special education and they join in as much
mainstream activity as possible
Education Act 1996 and the Education (Special Education)
Regulations 2013 provide the legal framework for education for
children with disabilities in the country
Special Education Schools , Special Education Integrated
Programme (SEIP) , Inclusive Education Programme
Only present at certain designated primary and secondary
schools
Inclusive Education
Full inclusion : placed fully in the mainstream classes
Partial inclusion: placed in mainstream classes for
certain subjects only
Those who are perceived able to cope with mainstream
learning would be included fully or partially
The Special Education Department - challenging in
working towards an agreement in providing the best
practice for children for a certain disability
Financial constraint to provide latest and enough
materials and facilities needed.
Bibliography

Department of Statistics, Malaysia. (2010). Population distribution and

basic demographic Characteristics. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Department of Statistics, Malaysia. (2016). Curent Population
Estimates, Malaysia, 2014 2016. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Osman Rani Hassan & Rajah Rasiah. Poverty and Student Performance
in Malaysia. Retrieved from
http://ijie.um.edu.my/filebank/articles/3059/Fulltext3.pdf
Mohamad Nor Bin Mohamad Taib. (n.d.). School Management
Concerning Collaboration with Social Resources in the
Community Its Approaches and Problem. Special Education
Department, Malaysia. Retrieved from
http://www.nise.go.jp/kenshuka/josa/kankobutsu/pub_d/d
266/d-266_15.pdf