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Mike Sass
Eric Amendt
Ryan Gleim
Tim McLenegan
Tim Whitacre
Tim McLenegan
Eric Amendt
Algae and Biodiesel
http://www.veggievan.org/downloads/articles/Biodiesel%20from%20Algae.pdf
What affects oil production?
Climate
Cold weather reduces algae oil production
Overcast days reduce sunlight and lower oil
production
Nutrients
Depletion of Nitrogen and Silicate
Controlling Nutrients
Nitrogen
Aids in cell division
Silicate
Aids in cell wall production
Depleting Nutrients
Starving the algae of these two nutrients reduce the rate of
cell division
Oil production remains constant
Results in an increase in the oil to mass ratio
The Algae Pond
http://www.veggievan.org/downloads/articles/Biodiesel%20from%20Algae.pdf
Mass Production of Algae
http://www.veggievan.org/downloads/articles/Biodiesel%20from%20Algae.pdf
Choosing an Algae
Important
characteristics of Algae
High % of total biomass
is oil
Maintains a high % of oil
even under stress
Compatible with the San
Luis Obispo climate
www.kluyvercentre.nl/content/ documents/Verslag2biodieselBaarnschLyceum.pdf -
What Type of Algae
Botryococcus braunii
Converts 61% of its
biomass into oil
Drops to only 31% oil
under stress
Grows best between 22-
25oC (71-77oF)
www.kluyvercentre.nl/content/ documents/Verslag2biodieselBaarnschLyceum.pdf -
Where To Grow It
Extensions onto our water treatment plants
Clean up our waste and generate fuel
Agriculture runoff
Exploit the countys many farms and vineyards
Soda Lake
Salt lake east of Santa Margarita
Vast open space of Carrizo Plain
Only has water in winter/spring months
National Monument status may prevent development
Feasibility
Tim Whitacre
Feasibility
Is it too good to be true?
DOE concluded a 16-year study of algal biomass in 1996 (and
wrote a 328-page report)
http://www.nrel.gov/docs/legosti/fy98/24190.pdf
Conducted large-scale tests in California, New Mexico and
Hawaii
With good temperatures, could harvest 50 grams of algae per sq.
meter per day
Used a 1,000 m 2 pond for 1 year
Research stopped due to budget cuts
UNH paper may hopefully rekindle research
With more research/funding, it can be done
Comments from NREL
http://futures.tradingcharts.com/chart/CO/M
Show Me The Money!!!
Production ability
37,500 gallons per hectare of desert land per year
Pond construction
$80,000 per hectare
Operating Costs
$12,000 per hectare
NREL results
Benemann and Oswald (1996)
Capital Investment
$69,000 to $104,400 per hectare
Operating Costs
$21,370 to $32,320 per hectare per year
Algal Oil Costs
$39 to $69 per barrel
$0.93 to $1.65 per gallon
16,000 to 32,000 gallons per hectare per year
Cost per hectare
Processing Costs
Mike Sass
Pressing oil from the algae
http://forums.biodieselnow.com/topic.as
Super Critical Oil Extraction
http://www.organix.net/organix/supercritic
TAG (triacylglycerol)
http://www.nrel.gov/docs/legosti/fy98/241
Transesterification
http://www.nrel.gov/docs/legosti/fy98/241
Three ways to produce biodiesel
http://biodiesel.org/pdf_files/fuelfactshee
Base Catalyzed with Alcohol
http://biodiesel.org/pdf_files/fuelfactshee
General Process
http://biodiesel.org/pdf_files/fuelfactshee
Application To Our County
Ryan Gleim
Current County Bus System
2(TG ) 2(142348.19)
A 43.8(acres )
GPA 6500
2(TG ) 2(142348.19)
A 21.9(acres )
GPA 13000
Diesel Hybrid
GM Hybrid Bus
Hybrid Bus Statistics
GM Hybrid Bus
EP system
Clean Hybrid technology
Hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide reduction of
about 90%
Nitrous oxide reduction of about 50%
Already in service in many cities
Up to 60% improved fuel economy
http:www.gm.com/company/adv_tech/300_h
Calculations Adjusted