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Parts of the
Immune System
Innate Immunity
Barrier Defenses
Cellular Response
Chemical Response
Adaptive Immunity
Cell Mediated Response
Humoral Response 3
First Line of Defense
Innate Immunity (Nonspecific Immunity)
and the
Innate Immunity-Activated immediately upon
exposure to pathogen and is the same response for
each exposure.
First line of Defense: Integument System-
Skin and mucous membranes provide a physical
barrier to entry of pathogens. Skin contains keratin,
a structural protein that helps form that barrier.
Mucus helps trap pathogens.
Skin's fatty acids and secretion from tears, sweat
4
Body Passages and Innate Immunity
9
Dendritic Cells-King of the Immune System
Dendritic cells
Important in
adaptive immunity
as an antigen
presenting cell
Phagocytes and TLR
Receptors
Phagocytes have Toll-
like-receptors (TLR)
which recognize
signature molecules.
The phagocyte engulfs
the pathogens within a
vesicle and deactivates
or kills the pathogen.
Phagocytes can eat
themselves to death.
Phagocytes and Cell
Signaling
18
Complement Proteins
(scroll over the bottom of the image to activate video
controls)
Complement Proteins Forming Pores
20
Complement Proteins and
Opsonizaton
Complement proteins
along with antibodies
will coat a bacterium.
Phagocytes recognize
both the complement
proteins and the
antibody. Phagocytes
will engulf the
pathogen and destroy
it.
21
Interferons
25
Fever
Inflammatory response is often
accompanied by fever.
Some cytokines stimulate the brain to
make prostaglandins. These
prostaglandins stimulate the
hypothalamus to a new temperature
set point. The signals the
hypothalamus sends out then:
Constrict blood vessels in the skin
Contract skeletal muscles
Increase heart rate and respiration26
Created by:
Carol Leibl
Science Content Director
National Math and Science