SARVAJANIK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND

TECHNOLOGY, SURAT

CENTRAL DIFFERENCE
(GAUSS FORWARD AND GAUSS BACKWARD CENTRAL DIFFERENCE)
Subject: Chemical Engineering Mathematics (2140505)
STUDENT NAME ENROLLMENT NO.
AKSHAT KHANDELWAL 150420105001
AKSHAY AMIPARA 150420105002
JENISH BHANDERI 150420105003
DARSHIT CHAUHAN 150420105004
UTSAV CHOVATIYA 150420105005
KALPESH DANGODRA 150420105006
 Method
s of
interpo
lation Gauss
forwar
d
central
differe
Ind nce

ex Gauss
backwa
Questio rd
n central
differe
Sterlin nce
g
formul
a
 Methods of Interpolation

Newtons F/W and B/W formula

Gausss F/W and B/W formula

Bessels Formula

Stirling Formula

Lagranges Interpolation Formula

Newtons Divided Difference Formula

Interpolation
Equal spaced Unequal spaced
Forward Interpolation (Newtons Fwd. Int.)

Backward Interpolation (Newtons Bwd.

Int.)

Central Diff. Interpolation

1. Gauss Forward

2. Gauss Backward

3. Stirling Formula

4. Bessels Formula Newtons divided difference

5. Everetts Formula Lagrange interpolation
Gauss forward central difference
formula

Statement:
If , , , are given set of observations with common
difference h and let , , , be their corresponding values where, be
given function then,

+
Where, p=
Gauss backward central difference
formula

Statement:
If , , , are given set of observations with common
difference h and let , , , be their corresponding values where, be
given function then,

+
Where, p=
 Sterling formula
The average value of gauss backward and gauss forward central difference is called
sterling formula.

Advantages of sterling formula

Stirling's formula decrease much more rapidly than other difference formulae hence considering first
few number of terms itself will give better accuracy.
Forward or backward difference formulae use the oneside information of the function where as
Stirling's formula uses the function values on both sides of f(x).
 Interpolate by using central difference
formula the population of the town for year
1974 given that,

Year 1939 1949 1959 1969 1979 1989

Popul 12 15 20 27 39 52
ation
(in
thous
and )
Year Population

1939 12
3
1949 15 2
5 0
1959 20 2 3
7 3 -10
1969 27 5 -7
12 -4
1979 39 1
13
1989 52
 By
gauss forward central difference formula
+
We know that,
Where,
So,
Year Populatio
n
1939 12
3
1949 15 2
5 0
1959 20 2 3
7 3 -10
1969 27 5 -7
12 -4
1979 39 1
13
1989 52
 By applying gauss forward central difference
+
+

32.4609
Therefore, the approximate population is 324609
 By gauss backward central difference formula
+
We know that,
Where,
So,
Year Populatio
n
1939 12
3
1949 15 2
5 0
1959 20 2 3
7 3 -10
1969 27 5 -7
12 -4
1979 39 1
13
1989 52
 By applying gauss backward central difference
+
++

32.3437
Therefore, the approximate population is 323437
Year Populatio
n
1939 12
3
1949 15 2
5 0
1959 20 2 3
7 3 -10
1969 27 5 -7
12 -4
1979 39 1
13
1989 52
 Applying sterling formula

Therefore the approximate population is 324667

Choice of central difference

Central difference Values of p

Gauss forward interpolation When p lies between (0<p<1)
Gauss
Gauss backward
backward interpolation
interpolation When
When pp lies
lies between
between (-1<p<0)
(-1<p<0)
Sterling formula
Sterling formula When p lies between (-<p<)
Bessel
Bessel or
or Everett
Everett formula
formula When p lies between (<p<)