ACHARYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

TECHNICAL SEMINAR
ON
ESSENTIAL OIL NANOEMULSIONS AS
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS IN FOOD

Under The Guidance Of Presented By

Dr Ismail ShareefM BHAVANI R
Assistant Professor 1AY13BT005
Dept Of Biotechnology
AIT
 Content
Introduction
Review of literature
Nanoemulsion
Formulation
Different fabrication methods
Mechanism of antimicrobial action of EO
nanoemulsions
Essential oil
Advantages and disadvantages
Applications
 Introduction
The crescent interest in the use of essential oils
(EOs) as natural antimicrobials and preservatives in
the food industry for natural products with improved
microbial safety, and fresh-like organoleptic
properties.

Nanoemulsions increasing EOs dispersibility in the

food areas where microorganisms grow and
proliferate, by reducing the impact on the quality
attributes of the product, as well as by enhancing
their antimicrobial activity.
Review of Literature
 Nanoemulsions
Nanoemulsions are a colloidal particulate system
in the submicron size range acting as carriers.
Size varies from 10-1000nm.
These are solid sphere and their surface is
amorphous and lipophilic with negative charge.
 Highlights

Main formulation issues of EO nanoemulsions.

Different fabrication methods of EO
nanoemulsions.
Possible mechanism of antimicrobial action of EO
nanoemulsions.
Routes for in product applications of EO
nanoemulsions
 Formulation
Essential oil- It acts a antimicrobial agent in food.
Water- It is used as dispersion medium.
Tween20- Used as surfactant since it has high
HLB(Hydrophile Lipophile Balance) value that
favors formulation of oil-in-water emulsion.
Natural Emulsifier

Note: Higher the HLB value, more water soluble the surfactant is.
 Different fabrication
methods

Nanoemulsion fabrication
methods

High energy Low energy

emulsification method emulsification method
A. High energy Emulsification
method
1) Ultrasonification
Ultrasonic emulsification uses a probe that
emits ultrasonic waves to disintegrate the
macroemulsion by means of cavitation forces.
2) High Pressure Homogenization
This technique makes use of high-
pressure homogenizer/ piston homogenizer to
produce nanoemulsions of extremely low particle
size. During this process, several forces, such
as hydraulic shear, intense turbulence and
cavitation, act together to yield nanoemulsions.
B. Low energy emulsification
method
1) Phase inversion Temperature technique
Studies on nanoemulsion formulation by the
phase inversion temperature method have shown a
relationship between minimum droplet size and
complete solubilization of the oil in a
microemulsionbicontinuous phase independently of
whether the initial phase equilibrium is sin- gle or
multiphase
2) Solvent Displacement Method
In this method, oily phase is dissolved in water-
miscible organic solvents, such as acetone, ethanol
and ethyl methyl ketone. The organic phase is
poured into an aqueous phase containing surfactant
to yield spontaneous nanoemulsion by rapid
diffusion of organic solvent.
Mechanism of antimicrobial action of EO
nanoemulsions

The Nanoemulsion has a broad spectrum activity

against bacteria (e.g., E. coli, Salmonella, S.
aureus), enveloped viruses (e.g., HIV, Herpes
simplex), fungi (e.g., Candida, Dermatophytes),
and spores (e.g., anthrax).
The nanoemulsion particles are
thermodynamically driven to fuse with lipid-
containing organisms.
This fusion is enhanced by the electrostatic
attraction between the cationic charge of the
emulsion and the anionic charge on the pathogen.
 When enough nanoparticles fuse with the
pathogens, they release part of the energy
trapped within the emulsion. Both the active
ingredient and the energy released destabilize
the pathogen lipid membrane, resulting in cell
lysis and death.
 Essential oils
The results of antimicrobial activity of the essential oil
from leaves of S. officinalis L. are presented. Both
concentrations of oil showed antibacterial activity against
Bacillus subtilis S, Staphylococcus aureus 6538,
Escerichia coli 95 and Salmonella enteritidis, as well as
antifugal activity against Aspergillus niger
Among 14 essential oils, cinnamon bark, lemongrass and
thyme oils showed the antimicrobial activity, followed by
essential oils containing terpene alcohols as major
constituents.
Antimicrobial activity of oregano (Origanum vulgare)
essential oil against several bacteria in sausage.
Out of 21 essential oils tested, 19 oils showed
antibacterial activity against one or more strains.
Cinnamon, clove, geranium, lemon, lime, orange and
rosemary oils exhibited significant inhibitory effect
 Advantage
Due to their lipohilic interior, nanoemulsions are more
suitable for the transport of lipophilic compounds
than liposomes.
they support the skin penetration of active
ingredients and thus increase their concentration in
the skin.
nanoemulsions gain increasing interest due to their
own bioactive effects

Disadvantage
Show EO expulsion after polymeric transition during
storage.
Relatively high water content of the dispersions (70-
99.9%) is observed in nanoemulsion
 Application
Essentional oil nanoemulsions are
used as preservatives in liquid foods,
meat.
They are used as antimicrobial
agents in pharmaceutical products
such as syrups, capsules.
 References
Pace L, Piccaglia R., JEOR 7, 443 (1995).
Wang M., Shao Y., Li J., Zhu N., Rangarajan M.,
LaVoie E.J., Ho C., J. Nat. Prod. 62, 454 (1999).
Antimicrobial activity by University of Michigan
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.07.005
Reza H. Nanoemulsion as a novel transdermal
drug delivery system. Int j of Ph Sc And Res.
2011;8(3):1938-46
Lovelyn C, Anthony A. Current state of
nanoemulsions in drug delivery.J of Biomaterials
and Nanobiotech. 2011;2(4):626-39
Thank You