GROUP BOLT

GROUP MEMBERS:
Maira Naveed
Sana Muquddas
Farhan Azam
Aqib Nawaz
Ameer-Ul-Hassan
USAIN BOLT
Bolt was born on 21 August 1986 in Sherwood Content, a small town in
Trelawny, Jamaica.
He is a Jamaican sprinter.
Bolt turned professional in 2004, under the guidance of coach Fitz
Coleman.
Bolt is the only sprinter to win Olympic 100 m and 200 m titles at three
consecutive olympics (2008, 2012 and 2016), a feat referred to as the
'triple double'.
An eight-time Olympic gold medalist, Bolt won the 100 m, 200 m and 4
100 m relay at three consecutive Olympic Games.
FUNCTIONS
OF
PROTEINS
Proteins:
Proteins are the long chains of amino acids units which are joined together
with peptide bonds.

They consists of one or more polypeptides folded into a round or fibrous

shape.

All proteins are built from 20 amino acids

All proteins bind or stick to other molecules in some molecules it is tightly

bounded but in some it is weak or short-lived.

There are many types of proteins. For example: motor proteins, membrane
transport protein, glycoprotein, globular proteins, histones, etc
Roles of proteins:

Proteins perform essential functions throughout the

systems of the human body. These long chains of amino
acids are critically important for:
catalyzing chemical reactions
synthesizing and repairing DNA
transporting materials across the cell
receiving and sending chemical signals
responding to stimuli
providing structural support
Functions of proteins in our body:

There are many functions in our body but the most important
functions are as follows:
Act as enzymes
Act as hormones
Acts as structural component
Provides energy
Provides transport
Provides storage
Aids the immune system
Regulation of cell division
PROTEINS ACTS AS ENZYMES:

Enzymes are a specific type of protein that enable

biochemical reactions in the body.

Enzymes make the reactions happen faster.

Enzymes are critical to metabolism, a series of

biochemical reactions that turn food into energy.

Ligand binding to a receptor protein alters the

chemical conformation by affecting the
three-dimensional shape orientation.

In protein-ligand binding, the ligand is usually a

molecule which produces a signal by binding to
a site on a target protein.
PROTEINS ACTS AS HORMONES:

Some hormones are proteins.

Hormones regulate growth and development

and are crucial during puberty.

Hormone levels change throughout life and

help regulate the aging process, from childhood
to adulthood to the later stages of life.
PROTEINS ACTS AS A STRUCTURAL COMPONENT:

Proteins are the main components of many

structures in the body.

They are part of outer membrane of the all

cells in the human body.

Proteins often acts to strengthen the structure.

PROTEINS AS AN ENERGY SOURCE:

Protein is a major source of energy.

A single protein provide 4 calories.

If you consume more protein than you need for body tissue maintenance and
other necessary functions, your body will use it for energy.
PROTEINS PROVIDES TRANSPORT

Proteins provide role in transportation of ions and molecules across the

membrane.

The channel proteins help molecules across the membrane via passive
transport, a process called facilitated diffusion. The other type of transport
protein is called carrier protein.
PROTEINS PROVIDE STORAGE

Storage proteins serve as biological reserves

of metal ions and amino acids, used by
organisms.

Ferritin is an example of a storage protein

that stores iron. Iron is a component of heme,
which is contained in the transport protein
hemoglobin and in cytochromes
PROTEINS AIDS THE IMMUNE SYSTEM:

Antibodies are another type of protein essential to

human health.

They are a major component of the immune system

and help fight infections caused by bacteria and
viruses.

The immune system produces many different

antibodies, each with a slightly different structure
which allows it to recognize a specific type of
antigen.
PROTEINS IN THE REGULATION OF CELL DIVISION:

Proteins regulate cell division, an important

process for replenishing aged or damaged cells.

The division of healthy cells into two copies,

which is regulated by proteins called growth
factors.

Failure of proteins to properly regulate the

division process can cause tumor growth and

cancer.
CONCLUSION
ANY QUESTION ?