THE CELL CYCLE

C9- DIVISION MAY BE REGULATED BY INTERNAL AND

EXTERNAL FACTORS
 What are the key
sections?

What happens during

these sections?

How does it fit into

cell replication?
 SOME QUICK REVISION!
IN PAIRS OR GROUPS OF 3

What are the W

h
ov at
different
i s stages? pu era is it
a t ? r p ll s
h
W tos i s os
i e?
M
5 MINUTE DISCUSSION.
 MITOSIS

PROPHASE TELOPHASE
METAPHASE ANAPHASE
Explanation
Explanation Explanation Explanation
SOMETHING IS MISSING..

?
INTERPHASE
 INTERPHASE AND MITOSIS TOGETHER
REPRESENT THE CELL CYCLE

WE KNOW WHAT IS INVOLVED IN MITOSIS, BUT

HOW DOES INTERPHASE WORK?
INTERPHASE IS COMPOSED OF THREE
STAGES:

Mitosis

G2 G1
S
G1- GROWTH PHASE 1 G
1
Immediately following Mitosis and
Cytokinesis
- Synthesis Activities that have been
slowed in Mitosis increase
- Cell size increases
- Organelle number increases

How do you think this happens? What

is required?
S- DNA SYNTHESIS PHASE
S
DNA does the dirty and replicates

- Doubling the amount of DNA within

the cell
- Relatively quick process

Why do you think S Phase occurs after

G1 and not before?
Why do you think this Phase occurs
quickly? (hint: what makes it different
from other stages?)
G2- GROWTH PHASE 2
G2
Very similar to G1 phase, but
immediately follows DNA Synthesis
- Rapid Cell growth
- Increased synthetic pathways

Look back at all 3 phases and think on

these points:

What are the major changes that have

occurred over interphase.

Is the ordering highly specific, or can

it be mixed up?
REVIEW
CELL CYCLE CONTROL
 WHY DO WE NEED TO CONTROL THE
CYCLE?

HINT: WHAT WOULD HAPPEN IF CELLS WERE ALLOWED TO

REPLICATE UNCONTROLLABLY?
 VIDEO
CELL CYCLE CONTROL
 CYCLINS AND KINASES

Cyclin Maturation
Promoting Factors
(MPF)
Kinase
 2. At maximum cyclin concentration, they pair with a
Kinase and become ACTIVE, allowing progression
into S phase

1.
G1-S cyclin
levels start to 3.
increase After this has
throughout G1 occurred, it is
until they peak degraded to
just before S prevent
constant cell
replication

G1

Cell
 NOTE!!
THE CYCLIN-KINASE LEVELS MUST BE AT THEIR MAXIMUM CONCENTRATION TO
PASS THE G1-S CHECKPOINT
 Note that
kinase level
remains
steady
Max Concentration

G1 S G2 Mitosis

G1-S checkpoint G2-S checkpoint Metaphase-

Anaphase
checkpoint
 KEY POINTS
CYCLINS ARE SMALL MOLECULES THAT COMBINE WITH KINASES TO FORM
MATURATION PROMOTING FACTORS

CYCLIN CONCENTRATION CYCLES THROUGHOUT THE CELL CYCLE, BUT KINASE

CONCENTRATION REMAINS STEADY

WHEN CYCLIN CONCENTRATION IS AT ITS PEAK, IT FORMS MPF AND THE CELL
CAN PASS THROUGH THE CHECKPOINT
PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER
PAST EXAM QUESTIONS