G450 SYSTEMS

AUXILIAR POWER UNIT

GINO ERAZO
CODY DENNISON

S
Overview
 Objective

To gain an understanding of the G450s APU system. By learning

what it is, where it is located, how it works, and all the components
of the aircraft that it can run.
 Auxiliary Power Unit
(APU)

The APU takes outsider air, fuel and battery power and converts
all of that to bleed air, electrical power, exhaust and noise.
The APU cost about $250 an hour to operate, it burns around 30
gallons of fuel an hour.
 G450 General Description

The Auxiliary Power Unit of the G450 is a Honeywell 36-150 turbine engine
composed of one compressor stage and one turbine stage.

The APU allows the aircraft to operate independently without requiring a

ground air cart and external AC/DC power to start the aircraft engines.

The APU also provides the ability to operate the air conditioning packs to cool
or heat the aircraft interior.

During flight the APU can be used as a backup electrical power

 G450 General Description

During flight the APU

can be used as a
backup electrical power

The APU is housed The APU will start and

within a fireproof operate at altitudes up
titanium container in to thirty-seven thousand
the aft equipment bay. feet (37.000)
Gas Turbine APU

Located in tail section of

the aircraft.
Enclosed in fire retardant
chamber.
Operation, intake,
compression, combustion
chamber, exhaust.
 APU Input
(Air)

An air inlet door mounted on the top right side of the

fuselage in front of the vertical stabilizer provides
intake to the APU turbine.
The inlet is controlled by the APU Electronic
Control Unit (ECU)
When the APU is started on the
ground, the air inlet door opens
65 degrees.
 APU Input
(Air)

If the APU is started while the aircraft is

airborne, the amount of inlet opening is
regulated by the ECU to match the air
requirements for starting and combustion,
depending aircraft speed and altitude.

With the engines not running the door

should be open enough to see it from
the ground.

You can use the tail camera to see it

once the doors are closed.
 Fuel

Fuel
Fuelisissupplied
suppliedto
tothe
theAPU
APUfrom
fromthe
theleft
left
wing
wingtank
tankusing
usingthe
theleft
leftmain
mainfuel
fuelpump.
pump.
FUEL

Pressurized
Pressurizedfuel
fuelisisrouted
routedthrough
throughthe
theAPU
APU
fuel
fuelshutoff
shutoffvalve
valveon onthetheleft
leftwing
wingrear
rear
beam
beamstructure
structurethat
thatisiscontrolled
controlledby
bythe
the
APU
APUMASTER
MASTERSwitch.Switch.

IfIffire
fireisisdetected
detectedwithin
withinthe
theAPU
APUenclosure,
enclosure,
fuel
fuelisisautomatically
automaticallyshut
shutoffoffat
atthe
theAPU
APU
fuel
fuelcontrol.
control.

Fuel
Fuelcomes
comesnormally
normallyfrom
fromthe
theleft
lefttank
tankand
and
isisconsumed
consumedat
at150
150pounds
poundsan anhour,
hour,just
just
under
under30
30gallons.
gallons.
 Electrical

The ECU is powered through the APU MASTER switch by the right essential
DC bus through the APU PWR#1(the ECU selects the highest voltage of the
two power sources if both are available)
Continuous operation of the APU starter, when powered by airplane
batteries is limited to three consecutive start attempts.
A one hour cool down period must be observed before the next full starter
cycle is commenced.
A fifteen minute cool down is required between start attempts to protect
airplane wiring.
 Operating
APU Starting
The
The APU
APU starter
starter is
is electrically
electrically driven
driven by
by the
the power
power source
source
selected
selected by
by the
the ECU.
ECU.

As
As the
the APU
APU drive
drive shaft
shaft rotates,
rotates, the
the blade
blade compressor
compressor
section
section draw
draw in
in ambient
ambient air
air through
through the
the open
open air
air inlet
inlet and
and
furnish
furnish pressurized
pressurized air
air flow
flow to
to the
the combustion
combustion chamber.
chamber.

Fuel
Fuel and
and ignition
ignition are
are provided
provided to
to the
the combustion
combustion chamber
chamber
and
and the
the APU
APU accelerates
accelerates through
through thethe forces
forces generated
generated in
in
the
the turbine
turbine section.
section.
 Operating
APU Starting
The APU air system
provides pressurized
air for engine
starting and
operating the air
conditioning packs APU air is available
Two igniters in the on the ground. after the APU has
combustion chamber
reached an
supply an
operating speed of
intermittent, high
at least one hundred
voltage spark to
percent (100%) RPM
ignite fuel during the
for at least 90
start sequence.
seconds.

Operati
ng APU
Starting
 Video APU Start

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FrACr8FMNnk
APU Output
(Bleed Air)

The ECU operates

the APU load
control valve to
The APU air provide bleed air
system provides to the manifold
pressurized air for supply duct when
engine starting the push button
and operating the switch is selected
air conditioning ON.
packs on the
ground.
APU Output
(Bleed Air)
The temperature
and pressure of
Air supplied by
air from the APU
the APU or a
is a function of
ground cart is not
APU speed and
regulated.
ambient
conditions.

APU bleed air is

used primarily
only on the
ground for air
conditioning and
engine starting
 Electrical

An oil-cooled generator mounted on the APU gearbox provides a source

of AC power for use on the ground or in flight if an engine-driven
generator is not available.
The APU generator produces 400Hz 115/120v and can deliver up to
40kVA
 APU Essential versus Non-
Essential

The ECU control authority for the APU has two operating regimes:
Non-essential and essential
The non- essential is for normal ground operations when the APU is
supplying electrical and/or pneumatic bleed air to aircraft systems.
while operating in this regime the ECU will provide full range of
protective shutdowns to prevent damage to the APU.
The essential control mode is confined to the APU operation while
the aircraft is airborne.
In the essential control mode the ECU blocks some of the protective
shutdowns of the APU since the control logic assumes that starting
the APU while airborne would only be necessary during malfunction
or failure.
 Limitations

Max EGT: 973 C (starting), 746 C (running)

Max RPM: 107%
Starter limits:
Battery: 3 consecutive, then 1 hour cooling
External DC: 3 with 15 minutes between attempts, then 1 hour cooling
the APU generator can deliver 100% electrical power on the ground or
in flight from sea level to 37.000 FT
APU will be limited to 85% between 30,000 FT and 37,000 FT at
speeds greater than Mach .85
 Protection System

The APU fire detector If a fire is detected

The elements consist
is a continuous within the APU
of a tube filled with
element routed around enclosure, fuel is
helium gas and a
critical areas within automatically shut off
stabilizing chemical.
the APU container. at the APU fuel control.
 Conclusion

The APU is a vital part of the g450 especially when it comes to

ground operations and keeping the aircraft comfortable before the
main engines are started and supplying power to the aircraft.
Any questions for us?
 Questions

What functions does the APU have on the G450?

What tank does the fuel come from to power the APU?

How many pounds of fuel does the APU burn per hour?

Does the APU have a fire protection system?