NOICE

POLLUTION
M.M.NAJATH
2014/NUR/012
 OBJECTIVES

Properties of noise

What are the instruments used in

studies on noise

Describe what are the effects of noise

exposure

Control of noises and nurses

responsibility
 INTRODUCTION
Wrong sound, in the wrong place, at the
wrong time.

Man is living in an increasingly noisy

environment.

Noise is become a very important

stress factor in the environment of man.

Noise pollution has been recently

coined to signify the vast cacophony of
 SOURCES
Automobiles
Factories
Industries
Air-crafts
Noise levels are particularly acute
near railway junctions, Traffic round-
about, bus terminals and airports
Pressure horns, loudspeakers with full
volume during festivals particularly at
night.
The domestic noises from the radios,
 PROPERTIES OF
NOISE
1. Loudness

2. Frequency
LOUDNESS Loudness or intensity
depends upon the
amplitude of the
vibrations which initiate
the noise.
it is measured in
decibels (dB).

*normal conversation (60-

65dB)
*whispering (20-30dB)
*heavy street traffic (60-
80dB)
COMMUNITY NOISE LEVELS
 A daily exposure up to 85dB is about the
limit people can tolerate without
substantial damage to there hearing.
 ACCEPTABLE NOISE
LEVELS
Residential
bed room - 25dB
living room - 40dB

industrial
workshop - 40-60dB
laboratory - 40-50dB

educational
class room - 30-40dB
library - 35-40dB
 2)
FREQUENCY

The frequency is denoted as Hertz (Hz).

One Hertz is equal to one wave per
second.

The human ear can hear frequencies from

about 20 to 20,000 Hz.
But this range is reduced with the age
and other subjective factors.
 Intra audible
The range of vibrations below 20 Hz.

Ultra sonic
The range of vibration above 20,000 Hz.
Many animals (dogs) can hear sounds
inaudible to the human ear.
 The basic instruments used in
studies
1) Sound level meter.
on noise
measures the intensity of sound in dB

2) Octave band frequency analyzer .

measures the noise on octave bands. Indicate
the
characteristics of the noise, high pitch, low
pitch,
variable pitch.

3) Audiometer.
measures the hearing ability.
EFFECTS OF NOISE EXPOSURE
1 Auditory effects.
2 Non auditory effects.

Auditory effects
1.1 Auditory fatigue
It appears in the 90dB region and
greatest
at 4000Hz.
It may be associated with side
effects such as
whistling and buzzing in the ears.
continue..
1.2) Deafness or hearing loss.
The most serious pathological
effect.
The victim is generally unaware of
it in early stages.
It may be temporary or permanent.

1.2.1)Temporary hearing loss.

Results from a specific exposure to
noise.
The disability disappears after a
period of time
Continue..
1.2.2) Permanent hearing loss.

Results from repeated or

continuous exposure to noise
around 100 dB.
When this occurs as a result of
occupation in industries.
(occupational hearing loss)
The inner ear damage may vary
from minor changes in the
hair cell endings to complete
destruction of the organs of corti.
2) Non auditory effects.
2.1) Interference with speech.

Noise interferes with speech

communication.
In everyday life, the frequencies
causing most
disturbance to speech
communication lie in
the 300-500 Hz range.

Such frequencies are commonly

present in
2.2) Annoyance.

This is primarily a psychological response.

Neurotic people are more sensitive to noise

than balanced people.
2.3). Impaired Efficiency
Where mental concentration is to
be undertaken, a low level of noise
is always desired
Reduction in noise has been found
to increase work output.

2.4) Physiological changes.

A number of temporary
physiological changes occur in the
human body as a direct result of noise
exposure.
These are,
 an increase in heart rate and
breathing
an increase in sweating.

General symptoms such as giddiness,

nausea and
fatigue may also occur.
Noise interferes with sleep.

Noise is also said to cause visual

disturbance.
CONTROL OF NOISE
 A variety of approaches may be needed to
control noise.

These are,
1) Careful planning of cities.
2) Control of vehicles.
3) To improve acoustic insulation of
building.
4) Industries and railways.
5) Protection of exposed persons.
6) Legislation.
7) Education.
 continue.
1) Careful planning of cities.
To reduce noise.

House fronts should lie not less than 15

metres from the road and the intervening
space should be thickly planted with trees
and bushes.

widening of main streets to reduce the

level of noise penetration into dwellings.
2) Control of vehicles.
Heavy vehicles should not be routed into narrow
streets.
Vehicular traffic on residential streets should be
reduced.
Indiscriminate blowing of the horn and use of
pressure horn should be prohibited.

3) To improve acoustic insulation of building.

From the acoustic standpoint, the best
arrangement
is construction of detached buildings rather than a
single large building or one that is continuous.
continue..

4) Industries and railways

Control of noise at source is
possible in industries.
Special areas must be earmarked,
outside residential areas, for
industries, for railways, marshalling
yards and similar installations.
5) Protection of exposed persons.
Hearing protection is recommended for
all workers who are consistently
exposed to noise louder than 85dB in
the frequency bands above 150 Hz.

Workers must be regularly rotated

from noisy areas to comparatively quiet
posts in factories.

Periodical audiogram check-ups and

use of ear plugs, ear muffs are also
essential as the situation demands.
6) Legislation.

Many states have adopted legislation

providing
for controls which are applicable to a wide
variety of sources.
Workers have the right to claim
compensation if
they have suffered a loss of ability to
understand
speech.
7) Education.
No noise abatement programmed can
succeed
without peoples participation.

Therefore their education through all

available media is needed to highlight
the importance of noise as a community
hazard.
Summary

Noise is become a very important

stress factor in the environment of
man.
Properties of noise
Instruments
Effect of noise pollution
Control of noise pollution
CONCLUSION

Improved traffic management

practices, such as one way traffic
movement, proper management of
buses in the traffic stream may reduce
traffic noise level to some extent.
 REFERENCES

Park.K , Preventive and social medicine ,(pg

688- 690)

Community medicine text book

Internet reference
www.encyclopedia.com
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