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Prepared by:
Asinas Jr., Carlito B.
Majait, Jemrey T.
Moriles, Joy B.
Soplito, Rannel D.
Precipitation
What is precipitation?
Freezing rain
Snow - Precipitation that consists of white or
translucent ice crystals. Snow must form in cloud
temperatures below freezing, though it may fall
through air at above freezing temperatures for a short
period of time before melting.
Hail - A clear to opaque ball of hard ice, ranging in
diameter from 1/8 inch or so to 5 inches or larger.
Sleet is a regionally variant term that refers to two
distinct forms of precipitation: Rain and snow mixed,
snow that partially melts as it falls.
transparent / translucent spheres of frozen water.
Formation of Precipitation
1. Condensation
Conversion of water vapor into liquid droplets.
Mixing of air masses having different temperatures.
Cooling of moist air to a temperature below the
saturation point for water vapor.
Growth of droplets.
Collision: cloud droplets collide with each
other.
Types of Precipitation
Convective Precipitation
Cyclonic Precipitation
Orographic Precipitation
Convective precipitation
caused by natural rising of warmer, lighter air in colder, denser
surroundings. Generally, this kind of precipitation occurs in tropics,
where on a hot day, the ground surface gets heated unequally,
causing the warmer air to lift up as the colder air comes to take its
place. The vertical air currents develop tremendous velocities.
Convective precipitation occurs in the form of showers of high
intensity and short duration.
Cyclonic precipitation
Cyclonic precipitation is caused by lifting of an air mass
due to the pressure difference. Cyclonic precipitation may
be either frontal or non-frontal cyclonic precipitation.
P1 P2 ..... Pn 1 N
P
N
N
P
i 1
i
P =average precipitation
P1 A1 P2 A2 ..... Pn An
P
Thiessen polygon method A1 A2 ..... An
In this method the rainfall recorded at each station is
given a weightage on the basis of an area closest to the
station
The method of Thiessen polygons consists of attributing to each
station an influence zone in which it is considered that the rainfall
is equivalent to that of the station.
The influence zones are represented by convex polygons.
These polygons are obtained using the mediators of the segments
which link each station to the closest neighbouring stations
P =average precipitation