DYE SENSITIZED SOLAR CELLS

EE227 SEMINAR

Group Members
Anand Naik-15D070016
Lakshya Bandhu-15D070044
 INTRODUCTION

History
A photoelectrochemical system
Comparison with p-n Junction Solar Cells
DESIGN AND CONSTITUENTS OF DSC
 DESIGN AND CONSTITUENTS OF DSC

TiO2 mesoporous layer

Sensitized Dye
Electrolyte
Transparent conducting Structure of commonly used Dye

glass
Counter electrode
Sealing gasket
WORKING PRINCIPLE OF DSC
 WORKING PRINCIPLE OF DSC

Photoexcitation of Sensitized Dye

Metal to ligand charge transfer(MLCT)
S + h S* (S is sensitized dye)
Transfer of electron from dye to metal oxide
This process takes time in range of femtoseconds
S* S+ + e (TiO2)
 WORKING PRINCIPLE OF DSC

Redox reactions in the Electrolyte

I3 + 2 e 3 I(reduction at counter electrode)
3 I I3 + 2 e(oxidation at dye surface)
Regaining of electron by the Sensitized Dye
This process occurs in range of nanoseconds
S+ + e S
 REQUIREMENTS OF CONTITUENTS OF DSC

Definition of Ideal Sensitizer

The sensitizer should have a quantum yield of unity
Energy levels of dye and metal oxide
Durability of DSC
ELECTRICAL MODEL
 ELECTRICAL MODEL

Calculations are done using

Transport, Continuity and Poisson
Equations
In this model, processes a and b are
ignored and c is considered. Due to
process c there is difference
between internal and external
current
The voltage generated due to
illumination is equal to the
difference between the Fermi level
of oxide and redox potential of
electrolyte
ELECTRICAL MODEL

Iext=(Rp/(Rext+RTCO+Rp))*Iint
Iint=A*je(0)

Rp-Shunt Resistance(for Leakages)

RTCO-Resistance due to
transparent conducting oxide glass
Rext-Resistance of external load
A-Area of Cell
je(0)-Current Density at x=0
I-V CHARACTERISTICS

Voc=(nRT/F)ln((Isc/Io)-1)

Voc-Open Circuit Voltage

Isc-Short Circuit Voltage

Io-Reverse Saturation Current

 EFFICIENCY OF DSC

Efficiency of DSC is given by

= iph*Voc*ff/Is

-Efficiency
Iph-Photocurrent
Voc-Open Circuit Voltage
ff-Fill Factor(Pmax/(Voc*Isc))
Is-Saturation Current
 ALTERNATIVES FOR CONSTITUENTS OF DSC

Alternatives for oxide layer

Alternatives for Charge Transfer Dyes
Combinations of Optically Additive Dyes
Types of anchoring groups in the dye
 ADVANTAGES OF DSC

Temperature Insensitive Performance in normal working

range
Less Manufacturing cost than Conventional Devices
Also works under Low Light Conditions
Very low loss of electrons due to recombination
 DISADVANTAGES OF DSC

Degradation on exposure to UV light

Problems at extreme temperatures
(1)At low temperatures electrolyte freezes ceasing
energy production
(2)At high temperatures electrolyte expands causing
sealing problems
 FUTURE SCOPE OF DEVELOPMENT

Understanding the movement of electrons inside the oxide

layer
To generate higher degree of order of the Nano crystalline
particles inside oxide film
Studying the properties of different dyes to maximize the
efficiency.
 REFERENCES

Dye Sensitized Solar Cells, Michael Gratzel

An electrical Model of Dye Sensitized Solar Cell, Jorg
Ferber, Rolf Stangl, Joachim Luther
Wikipedia
QUESTIONS?
THANK YOU!