Articles

Definition. Anarticleis a word used to modify a

noun, which is a person, place, object, or idea.
Technically, anarticleis an adjective, which is any
word that modifies a noun. Usually adjectives
modify nouns through description, butarticlesare
used instead to point out or refer to nouns.
Indefinite

Definite
 USE OF A
CONDITION EXAMPLE
nouns (or adjectives) Please give the
that start with a dogacookie.
consonant sound.
Before some indefinite A lot of /a great deal
numbers of /a large number of
Before some indefinite A team of/a gang of/a
collectivenumbers herd of
If an adjective is Madhuri is a beautiful
followed by a singular girl.
number But....reema has good
health.
Used at the place of per Petrol is sold at rs.fifty a
littre.
To show the whole class A bird has two wings.
 CONDITION EXAMPLE
If we put a before A five day match./A
plural number the ten mile walk.
fourth coming noun Five days match/ten
becomes singular miles walk.
The sound of A university/a
consonant in their union/a one-rupee
first letters. note/a unique film.
Placed after such Ram is quite a dull
,quite,rather,how... boy.
I have never seen
such a girl in my life.
If these words are Mohan always tells a
used in singular lie.
(noise,lie,hole,heada The pupil makes a
 USE OF An
CONDITION EXAMPLE

nouns (or adjectives) Please give me an

that start with a vowel orange.
sound.

Before some h starting An honest man/an

words in which h is not hour/an heir/an
pronounciated. honourable person

If h,l,m,n,f,r,s,x are the An m.a./an l.l.b./an

first letter of h.s.school/an x-ray clinic
abbreviations,we use an
before them.
 Omission of a/an
CONDITION EXAMPLE
Not used two times for Vivekananda was a saint
the same noun in the and hero.(not a saint
same sentence. and a hero)
exp:word like Vivekananda was both a
both/notonly but saint and a hero.(right)
also/neither nor/either
or....we use two times .
Before some name of Robin was present at
meals. dinner.(not a dinner)
But..........
It was a testful dinner.(r)
Before some material It is glass so handle
noun carefully.
But..Give me a glass of
water.(r)
 USE OF the
CONDITION EXAMPLE
If a plural or non-count The languages of Asia
noun is followed by [of + are unrelated to English.
noun]
When referring to a the elderly /the
group of people by use disabled/the unemployed
of an adjective rather
than a noun the rich /the sick /the
needy
Rivers, Oceans, Seas, the Amazon /the
Groups of Atlantic/the
Mountains&Islands,gulfs, Mediterranean/the
canals,deserts/commissi Cascades /the Hawaiian
on Islands /the Bahamas
The verma commission...
 USE
CONDITION
OF the
EXAMPLE
When referring to the The meeting is at the
location, school. (location-campus)
but...
I am going to school now.
(activity-study i.e primary
purpose)
When the object is the earth /the human race
the only one that the moon /the sun the
exists universe
When you use One of the students /-None
expressions that of the students B
identify part of a oth of the students /-All of
larger group /after the students
one of,each of,neither One of the boy is absent
of,everyone of
Before comparative Ram is the better of the
 omission OF the
CONDITION EXP &
Exception
Names of Countries The United States / The
Soviet Union /The
Republic of Congo
/America /Russia /Spain/
Japan /Chine /Mexico
Day /month/parts of Sunday is the last day
day/language and The P.M.was invited to the
sports lunch.
Name of meals/name of We should study physics.
subjects (The physics of tina are
good.)
Before some object like Mr.verma became
(make,elect,select,beco principal.(not the
me,appoint,crown) principal)
 Adjective
Def:Adjectives are descriptive words. They usually answer
which? what kind of? How many questions. They describe
the noun is being talked about.
ex.A new toy Enough meatloaf

Types of Adjectives
Attributive :Attributives are the ones that come right
before the word(s) they modify.
Ex.The old man asked a question.

Appositive: Appositives come after the words they modify.

They are usually in used in pairs.
ex.The woman, beautiful and smart, knew what she was
doing.

Predicate :Predicates come after verb to be or after linking

verbs. They come at the end of the sentence and they
modify the subject.
Types of adjective
Adjective formation
 DEGREE OF COMPARISON
POSITIVE DEGREE:An adjective is said to be in
the positive degree when there is no comparison.
Ex:Ram is a good boy.

COMPARATIVE DEGREE:An adjective is said to be

in the comparitive degree when it is used to
compare two nouns/pronouns.
Ex.Ram is better than mohan.

SUPERLATIVE DEGREE:An adjective is in

superlative degree when it is used to compare
more than two nouns/pronouns. We use the
article 'the' before the superlative degrees.
Ex:Ram is the best boy of our class.
USE OF the
 Rules Example
After(superior,junior,senior,pri Ram is junior to me.(Not
or,interior,minor)we use to junior than me)
instead of than in
comparative degree:
There is no use of more or He is the unique person of my
most before village.(Not more unique
(right,round,unique,absolute, person)
universal...)
There is no use o f superlative Soma is the more smart of the
degree for two. two.(Not most smart)
Much can not be used Munna is a very intelligent
before positive adjective boy.(Not much intelligent boy)
Very can not be used before Rani is much better than
comparative adjective reena.(Not very better)

The same form of degree will Ram is best and tallest.

be used before and after and (Superlative)
Ram is better and taller.
(Comparative)